Parasitoid Niches of Encarsia formosa and Encarsia lycopersici (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) Exploiting Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Abstract
Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is an aphelinid endoparasitoid of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Encarsia lycopersici (De Santis) is a parasitoid of the same host, but it is not known if both parasitoids occupy the same niche. In this study, the duration of development of the parasitoids, and the ability of both species to parasitize the 4 preimaginal instars of T. vaporariorum were determined. Results indicate that both E. formosa and E. lycopersici can parasitize all preimaginal instars of T. vaporariorum, and thus effectively occupy the same parasitoid niches, and they are part of the same parasitoid guild. However, variations in parasitism of the different preimaginal instars were observed. Encarsia lycopersici showed a higher parasitism rate on the first instar than on the third and fourth instars of T. vaporariorum. In contrast to E. formosa, which exhibited a lower parasitism rate on the first instar than on the fourth instar. In addition, E. lycopersici showed higher parasitism rate than E. formosa on the first instar of this host. This suggests that E. lycopersici may have a competitive advantage in exploiting the host, as it is the first to occupy it.Resumen: Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) es un afelínido endoparasitoide de la mosca blanca de los invernaderos Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Encarsia lycopersici (De Santis) es un parasitoide del mismo hospedero, pero no se conoce si ambos parasitoides ocupan el mismo nicho. En este estudio, la duración de desarrollo de los parasitoides y la capacidad de ambas especies de parasitar los cuatro estadios preimaginales de T. vaporariorum fueron determinadas. Los resultados indicaron que E. formosa y E. lycopersici pueden parasitar a T. vaporariorum en todos los estadios preimaginales, ocupan el mismo nicho y son parte del mismo gremio de parasitoides. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias en la parasitación de los diferentes estadios preimaginales. Encarsia lycopersici mostró mayor parasitismo en el primer estadio que el tercero o cuarto estadio de T. vaporariorum, a diferencia de E. formosa, la cual exhibió menor parasitismo en el primer que en el cuarto estadio. Además, E. lycopersici mostró mayor parasitismo que E. formosa en el primer estadio del hospedero. Esto sugiere que E. lycopersici podría tener una ventaja competitiva en explotar el hospedero, porque es el primero en ocuparlo.
View this article in BioOne
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright for any article published in Florida Entomologist is held by the author(s) of the article. Florida Entomologist is an open access journal. Florida Entomologist follows terms of the Creative Commons, Attribution Non-Commercial License (cc by-nc). By submitting and publishing articles in Florida Entomologist, authors grant the FOJ and Florida Entomologist's host institutions permission to make the article available through Internet posting and electronic dissemination, and to otherwise archive the information contained both electronically and in a hard printed version. When used, information and images obtained from articles must be referenced and cited appropriately. Articles may be reproduced for personal, educational, or archival purposes, or any non-commercial use. Permission should be sought from the author(s) for multiple, non-commercial reproduction. Written permission from the author(s) is required for any commercial reproduction.