Effect of Trap Size, Trap Height and Age of Lure on Sampling Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), and its Flight Periodicity and Seasonality
Abstract
Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is a non-native pest that transmits the causal pathogen of laurel wilt disease to plants belonging to the Lauraceae. To improve the current monitoring and survey techniques of X. glabratus, various trapping and flight behavior studies were conducted in natural areas with host species in Alachua County, Florida. Daylight flight rhythm studied at Austin Cary Memorial Forest twice in Sep 2010 using sticky traps baited with manuka lures showed that X. glabratus flies mostly between 1600 and 1800 h daylight saving time. Flight height of the beetle was determined in a trapping study using ladder-like traps. The largest number of beetles was trapped at heights of 35-100 cm above the ground. Seasonality of X. glabratus was studied in Florida from Mar 2010-Dec 2011. Three peaks of trap catches occurred during Apr 2010, Oct 2010 and Mar 2011. To find the optimal Lindgren funnel trap design for X. glabratus, a study was conducted using 4, 8, 12 and 16 funnels per trap. Funnel traps with 8, 12, 16 funnels per trap captured similar numbers of X. glabratus, but significantly more than with 4 funnels per trap. The effect of aging of manuka lures was studied at 2 different sites in Alachua County, Florida. New manuka lures trapped significantly more X. glabratus than lures aged 2, 4 and 6 wk. Trap color, whether black, white, blue, yellow, red or transparent, had no significant influence on the number of X. glabratus trapped.Resumen: Xyleborus glabratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) es una plaga no nativa que transmite el patógeno que causa la enfermedad de la marchitez del laurel a las plantas que pertenecen a la familia Lauraceae. Para mejorar las técnicas actuales de monitoreo y llevar a cabo un sondeo de X. glabratus, se realizaron various estudios de captura y de comportamiento de vuelo en las áreas naturales donde habian especies de plantas hospederas en el condado Alachua, Florida. Se estudió el ritmo de vuelo diurno en el Bosque Memorial de Austin Cary dos veces en septiembre del 2010 usando trampas pegajosas con un señuelo de manuka que mostraron que X. glabratus vuela principalmente entre 1600 y 1800 h. Se determinó la altura de vuelo del escarabajo en un estudio de captura con trampas, en forma de una scalera. El mayor número de escarabajos fue atrapado a una altura de 35-100 cm arriba del suelo. Se estudió la estacionalidad de X. glabratus en la Florida desde marzo del 2010 hasta diciembre del 2011. Los tres picos en el numero de X. glabratus capturado sucedieron en abril 2010, octubre 2010 y marzo del 2011. Para encontrar el diseño de la trampa de embudo Lindgren óptimo para X. glabratus, se realizó un estudio con 4, 8, 12 y 16 embudos por trampa. Las trampas de embudo con 8, 12, 16 embudos por trampa capturaron un número similar de X. glabratus, pero un número significativamente mayor que las trampas con 4 embudos por trampa. Se estudió el efecto del envejecimiento de señuelos de manuka en 2 sitios diferentes en el condado de Alachua, Florida. Los nuevos señuelos de manuka capturaron significativamente más X. glabratus que los señuelos que tenian 2, 4 y 6 semanas. El color de la trampa, ya sea negro, blanco, azul, amarillo, rojo o transparente, no tuvo influencia significativa en el número de X. glabratus capturados.
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