Leafcutter Ant (Atta sexdens) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Nest Distribution Responds to Canopy Removal and Changes in Micro-Climate in the Southern Colombian Amazon.
Abstract
At regional scales, leafcutter ant nest distribution is regulated by environmental factors such as vegetation, predators, soil and climate. This study investigated the effect of micro-climate on Atta sexdens (L.) nest distribution. It was carried out on a farm located on the Colombian Amazon River shore, where an extension of secondary forest was felled. Prior to felling, we located 20 A. sexdens nests and monitored them over the course of one year. Ten of the nests became exposed to the sun as a result of tree felling, and ten nests, located in neighboring unlogged forest, remained unaffected. Within six weeks, five of the exposed nests had moved to the cover of nearby vegetation patches and the remaining five nests had died. The ten unexposed nests remained active at the same location. In comparison with relocated nests, exposed nests experienced significantly higher air and soil temp, and lower soil moisture. The results of this study suggest that changes in micro-climate may trigger nest relocation and therefore play an important role in local A. sexdens nest distribution.Resumen: A nivel regional, la distribución de los nidos de la hormiga arriera es regulada por factores ambientales así como la vegetación, los depredadores, el suelo y el clima. Este estudio investigó el efecto del micro-clima sobre la distribución de los nidos de Atta sexdens (L.). El estudio se llevó a cabo en una finca en la orilla colombiana del Río Amazonas, donde se taló una extensión de bosque secundario. Anterior a la tala, ubicamos 20 nidos de A. sexdens y los monitoreamos sobre el transcurso de un año. Diez de ellos se expusieron al sol como resultado de la tala, y diez, ubicados en el bosque vecino no talado, quedaron sin afectar. En seis semanas, cinco de los nidos expuestos se habían reubicado hacia la cobertura del dosel de la vegetación cercana y los otros cinco se habían muerto. Los diez nidos no expuestos quedaron activos en el mismo sitio. En comparación con los nidos reubicados, los nidos expuestos experimentaron temperaturas significativamente más altas del aire y del suelo, y humedad más baja del suelo. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los cambios microclimáticos pueden inducir la reubicación del nido y por lo tanto juegan un papel importante en la distribución local de los nidos de A. sexdens.
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