Parasitism of Neosilba perezi (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) Larvae by a Braconid, Phaenocarpa neosilba (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae)
Abstract
Neosilba perezi (Romero & Ruppel) is known as the cassava shoot fly or shoot fly, because, unlike other species of its genus, its larvae feed exclusively on shoots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). These larvae kill the affected cassava shoots. Natural parasitism by a braconid, Phaenocarpa neosilba Arouca & Penteado-Dias, 2006, on shoot fly larvae was studied at 3 locations in the southwestern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Larvaeinfested shoots of cassava were collected at 3 distinct locations where cassava crops were grown. The shoots were kept in plastic boxes for pupation and emergence of adult flies and the parasitoid. The percentage of parasitism was separately correlated with temperature, rainfall, and age of the cassava plants. The average percent parasitism was 24.36%. A negative correlation between temperature and percent parasitism was observed at 1 location. At all 3 study areas percent parasitism of N. perezi showed a negative correlation with plant age. Therefore, given the high percent parasitism observed at the 3 locations, natural biological control may be an important factor in the population dynamics of N. perezi.Resumen: Se conoce Neosilba perezi (Romero & Ruppel) como la mosca del brote de la yuca o la mosca del brote, porque al contrario de otras especies de su género, sus larvas se alimentan exclusivamente de los brotes de yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz). La infestación por estas larvas mata los brotes de las yuca afectadas. El parasitismo natural por bracónidos sobre las larvas de la mosca del brote fue estudiado en 3 lugares de la región suroeste del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Se recogieron brotes de yuca infestadas por larvas en 3 lugares diferentes donde se siembran yuca. Se mantuvieron los brotes en cajas de plástico para la pupación y la emergencia de moscas adultas y parasitoides. Se correlacionó el porcentaje de parasitismo separado según la temperatura, la precipitacion y la edad de las plantas de yuca. El porcentaje de parasitismo fue un promedio de 24.36%. Se observó una correlación negativa entre la temperatura y el porcentaje de parasitismo en un lugar, pero todas las 3 áreas estudiadas mostraron una correlación negativa entre la edad de la planta y el porcentaje de parasitismo. Por lo tanto, dado el alto porcentaje de parasitismo observado en los 3 lugares, el control biológico natural puede ser un factor importante en la dinámica de la poblacion de N. perezi.
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