Influence of Orchard Weed Management Practices on Soil Dwelling Stages of Plum Curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Abstract
Plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key pest of peaches in the southeastern United States. Part of its life cycle, specifically, the pre-pupal, pupal and pre-adult stages are spent in the soil. Experiments were conducted in 2 peach orchards to evaluate the effects of some common orchard weed management practices on the development of the soil dwelling life stages of plum curculio. Four common orchard weed management practices (treatments) were evaluated in plots (3 m × 3 m) located under peach tree canopies: centipede grass, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) understory (soil covered with centipede grass); weed free understory (bare soil, weeds removed with herbicide sprays); weedy (natural weeds) understory; and pine bark understory (soil covered with pine bark). Fewer numbers of adult plum curculio emerged from the centipede grass understory plots compared with weed free, weedy or pine bark treated understories. Similar results were obtained in the greenhouse: fewer adults emerged from centipede grass than bare soil in spring 2009. Possible reasons for the lower emergence of plum curculio in centipede grass plots are proposed.Resumen: El picudo de la ciruela, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), es una plaga clave del durazno (= melocotón) en el sureste de los Estados Unidos. Parte de su ciclo de vida, especificamente, las etapas de pre-pupa, pupa y pre-adulto se desarrolla en el suelo. Se realizaron experimentos en dos huertos de durazno para evaluar los efectos de algunas prácticas comunes de manejo de malezas sobre el desarrollo de las etapas de la vida del picudo de la ciruela que se encuentran en el suelo. Cuatro prácticas comunes de manejo de malezas (tratamientos) en huertas fueron evaluados en parcelas (3 m × 3 m), ubicado bajo las copas de los árboles de durazno: el sotobosque (suelo cubierto del pasto cienpiés, Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro)); el sotobosque libre de malezas (suelo desnudo, las malezas eliminadas con aplicaciones de herbicidas); el sotobosque con malezas (naturales) y el sotobosque de corteza de pino (suelo cubierto con corteza de pino). Un menor número de adultos del picudo de la ciruela emergieron de las parcelas del sotobosque cubierto de pasto ciempiés en comparación con los sotobosques de tratamientos sin malezas, con malezas naturales o de corteza de pino. Resultados similares fueron obtenidos también en el invernadero: un menor número de adultos emergieron del pasto ciempiés que el suelo desnudo en la primavera del 2009. Se proponen las posibles razones para la menor emergencia del picudo de la ciruela en las parcelas del pasto ciempiés.
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