Occurrence of Diapause and the Role of Andropogon bicornis (Poaceae) Tussocks on the Seasonal Abundance and Mortality of Tibraca Limbativentris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Abstract
The rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a major pest of rice crops throughout Latin America. We investigated the occurrence of diapause in T. limbativentris, as well as the role of West Indian foxtail, Andropogon bicornis L.(Poaceae), in its seasonal abundance and mortality. This plant grows spontaneously in grasslands from Mexico to Argentina, including at the edges of rice fields in southern Brazil. Tussocks of A. bicornis were collected in Eldorado do Sul, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil throughout one yr and examined to sample rice stalk stink bugs. We collected in 2,355 T. limbativentris adults from 208 tussocks, totalling 2,205 live and 150 dead individuals. Live insects were dissected to determine the reproductive stage and to assess the presence of the fat body. We describe the occurrence of imaginal diapause and the use of A. bicornis as a shelter for this rice pest. Overwintering lasted 7 mo; arrival at the refuge occurred in early autumn (late Mar); the permanence period began in Jun, and extended to the end of Sep. From Oct the population decreased gradually until total departure from the tussocks in Jan. Thus, here we highlight the role of A. bicornis as an hibernation site for T. limbativentris in southern Brazil.Resumo: O percevejo-do-colmo do arroz, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), é considerada uma das principais pragas do arroz irrigado na América Latina. A ocorrência de diapausa em T. limbativentris foi investigada, bem como o papel do capim-rabo-de-burro, Andropogon bicornis L.(Poaceae), na abundância sazonal e mortalidade. Esta planta cresce espontaneamente em pastagens do México a Argentina, incluindo o entorno do cultivo de arroz no sul do Brasil. Touceiras de A. bicornis foram coletadas em Eldorado do Sul, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, durante um ano e examinadas para a amostragem os percevejos. Foram coletados 2.355 adultos de T. limbativentris provenientes de 208 touceiras, totalizando 2.205 indivíduos vivos e 150 mortos. Insetos vivos foram dissecados afim de determinar o estágio de desenvolvimento dos órgãos reprodutivos e avaliar a presença de corpos gordurosos. A ocorrência de diapausa imaginal e a utilização de A. bicornis como abrigo foram descritas. A hibernação durou 7 meses: a entrada no refúgio ocorreu no início do outono; o período de permanência iniciou em Junho, e estendeu-se até o final de Setembro. A partir de Outubro, a população decresceu gradualmente até o abandono total das touceiras em Janeiro. Desta forma, destacamos o papel de A. bicornis como um sítio de hibernação para T. limbativentris, no sul do Brasil.
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