Seasonal Abundance and Biology of Crotonothrips Polyalthiae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) and its Damage to a Shade Tree, Polyalthia Longifolia
Abstract
The population dynamics and biology of the gall-inducing insect, Crotonothrips polyalthiae Mound & Nasruddin, and its damage to Polyalthia longifolia Sonn. were studied in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, from 15 Aug 2010 to 25 Jul 2011. The average number of thrips per gall, young leaves per plant, and bi-weekly rainfall peaked 3 times during the survey. The average number of living thrips per gall peaked about 4 wk after the peak in the number of young leaves per plant, and this occurred 2 to 4 wk after each rainfall peak. The thrips development time ranged from 17 to 25 d with an average of 20.8 d. Average adult longevity for female and male were 24.3 and 12.2 d, respectively. The number of eggs laid by a female ranged from 11 to 74 with an average of 41.5 eggs. An average of 94.9% of those eggs successfully hatched. One year after the initiation of the experiment, the thrips reduced the plant height and stem circumference by 49 and 37%, respectively, in comparison with the plants that were kept thrips-uninfested by using insecticides. This appears to be the first experimental account of a gall-inducing thrips impeding the growth of a tree or woody plant.Resumen: Se estudió la dinámica poblacional y biología del insecto, Crotonothrips polyalthiae Mound & Nasrudin, que induce agallas y daño a Polyalthia longifolia Sonn. en Makassar, Sulawesi del Sur, Indonesia, desde el 15 de agosto del 2010 hasta el 25 de julio del 2011. El promedio del número de trips por agalla, el número de hojas tiernas por planta, y la cantidad de lluvia cada dos semanas se incrementó 3 veces durante el tiempo de estudio. El promedio del número de trips vivos por agalla alcanzó su punto máximo alrededor de 4 semanas después del incremento en el número de hojas tiernas por planta y esto ocurrió de 2 a 4 semanas después de cada aumento de la lluvia. El tiempo de desarrollo de los trips fue entre 17 y 25 días con un promedio de 20.8 dias. El promedio de la longevidad de los adultos hembras y machos fue 24.3 y 12.2 días, respectivamente. El número de huevos puestos por hembra fue de 11 a 74 con un promedio de 41.5 huevos. Un promedio de 94.9% de los huevos eclosionaron éxitosamente. Un año después del inicio del experimento, los trips redujeron la altura de la planta y la circunferencia del tronco en un 49 y un 37%, respectivamente, en comparación con las plantas que se mantuvieron sin trips mediante el uso de insecticidas. Este parece ser el primer relato experimental de un trips que induce agallas e impide el crecimiento de un árbol o una planta leñosa.
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