Effects of Pre-Release Chilling on the Flight Ability of Sterile Males of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Abstract
The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is used to suppress or eradicate infestations of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). The success of the SIT depends to a large degree on the ability of sterile males to compete successfully against wild males in obtaining matings with wild females. Sterile males are chilled to allow their transfer to and subsequent storage within the aircraft used for the releases. Here, we describe the results of an experiment that investigated the effects of varying chill duration (at 3-8 °C for 2-6 h) on flight ability of sterile males derived from mass-rearing facilities in Hawaii and Guatemala. Flight ability decreased significantly, and at the same rate, with increasing chill duration for flies from both production facilities. However, for any given chill duration, the Hawaiiderived flies displayed greater flight ability than the Guatemala-derived flies. In addition, there was significant variation in flight ability among daily shipments from both facilities. Nevertheless, the present data clearly reveal that limiting chill duration promotes higher flight performance of released sterile males. Implications of our findings for Mediterranean fruit fly SIT programs are discussed.Resumen: Se utiliza La Técnica del Insecto Estéril (TIE) para suprimir o erradicar las infestaciones de la mosca mediterránea de la fruta (mosca de la fruta), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). El éxito de la TIE depende en gran medida de la capacidad de los machos estériles para competir con éxito contra los machos silvestres en el apareamiento con las hembras silvestres. Se enfrían los machos estériles para permitir su traslado y su almacenamiento subsiguiente en el avión utilizado para liberarlos. A continuación, describimos los resultados de un experimento que investigó los efectos de la duración variable (frío a 3-8 °C durante 2-6 horas) sobre la capacidad de vuelo de machos estériles criados en las instalaciones de la producción masiva de Hawaii y Guatemala. La capacidad de vuelo disminuyó significativamente, y en la misma proporción, con el aumento en la duración del enfriamiento para las moscas de las dos instalaciones de reproducción. Sin embargo, en todos los períodos de enfriamiento, las moscas de Hawaii mostraron una mayor capacidad de vuelo que las moscas de Guatemala. Además, hubo una variación significativa en la capacidad de vuelo de las moscas entre los envíos diarios de ambas instalaciones. Sin embargo, estos datos muestran claramente que la limitación de la duración del enfriamiento promueve un mayor rendimiento de vuelo de machos estériles liberados. Se comenta sobre las implicaciones de nuestros resultados para los programas de TIE para la mosca mediterránea de la fruta.
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