Inhibition of Oviposition by Neem Extract: A Behavioral Perspective for the Control of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Abstract
The behavioral inhibitory effect of methanol extracts from neem leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) at different concentrations (0, 10,000, 18,000, 32,000 and 56,000 ppm) was evaluated using naïve and experienced medflies (Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)) ovipositing on the fruits of grape cv. ‘Itália’. The grapes were immersed in the specific treatments and were exposed for 24 h to 3 pairs of female and male medflies, both naïve and experienced, in a choice test. At concentrations ≥ 18,000 ppm, the extract that was applied to the grapes inhibited oviposition. The previous experience with treated grapes did not affect the response of the medflies. This study is the first step toward the application of the behavior control of the medflies as a tool in grape vineyards. The potential for using oviposition inhibitory in behavioral control of C. capitata are discussed.Avaliou-se o efeito da inibição para oviposição do extrato metanólico de folhas de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) em diferentes concentrações (0; 10.000; 18.000; 32.000 e 56.000 ppm) para Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), com e sem experiência, em bagas de uva cv. Itália. Para tanto, bagas de uva foram imersas nos tratamentos e expostas por 24 h para três casais, com e sem experiência, em teste com chance de escolha. O extrato provocou inibição da oviposição de C. capitata quando pulverizados em bagas nas concentrações ≥ 18.000 ppm em experimento com chance de escolha. A experiência recente de C. capitata não alterou a sua resposta em relação a bagas de uva tratadas com extrato de folhas em metanol em condição de livre escolha. O papel da inibição de oviposição e do aprendizado para C. capitata são discutidos. A utilização de inibidores de oviposição como controle comportamental de C. capitata é discutida. Esse estudo representa o primeiro passo para utilização do controle comportamental de C. capitata em parreirais de uva.
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