Developmental and Reproductive Biology of Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Under Constant Temperatures
Abstract
Effect of temperature on the developmental and reproductive biology of the passionvine mealybug, Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was investigated on sprouted potatoes. P. minor was able to develop and complete its life cycle at 20, 25, and 29 °C. No eggs eclosed at 15 and 35 °C. The developmental time from egg to adult female was approximately 49 d at 20 °C, 31 d at 25 °C, and 27 d at 29 °C. Between 20 and 29 °C, 58-71% of eggs survived to adulthood. Female mealybugs made up 60-73% of the adult populations in the 3 temperature treatments. Preoviposition and oviposition times decreased as the temperature increased. Females reproduced sexually and produced the highest number of eggs (270 eggs/female) at 20 °C. Adult female longevity declined from 34 d at 20 °C to 19-22 d at the 2 higher temperatures. Adult males were short-lived and their longevity declined with increasing temperature. At 25 °C, the gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (Ro) were estimated at 445.7 ♀/♀ and 325.4 ♀/♀, respectively, the generation time (TG) was 39.5 d, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.147 (♀/♀/d), the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.158 (♀/♀/d), and the doubling time (DT) was 4.7 d. The ability of P. minor to develop, survive, and reproduce successfully from 20 to 29 °C suggests that the mealybug has the potential to develop and establish in climatic zones that fall within this temperature range.El efecto de la temperatura sobre el desarrollo y la reproducción de Planococcus minor (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) fue investigado en papas germinadas. Planococcus minor pudo completar su ciclo de vida a 20, 25 y 29 °C. Los huevos no eclosionaron a 15 y 35 °C. El tiempo de desarrollo de huevo a adulto hembra fue de aproximadamente 49 dias a 20 °C, 31 d a 25 °C, y 27 d a 29 °C. Entre 20 y 29 °C el 58-71% de los huevos sobrevivieron y alcanzaron la adultez. El porcentaje de hembras fue de 60 al 73% en las tres temperaturas. Los períodos de preoviposición y oviposición, y la longevidad de los adultos, aumentaron con la disminución de la temperatura. Las hembras se reproducen sexualmente. La fecundidad más alta fue a los 20 °C cuando cada hembra produjo un promedio de 270 huevos. La longevidad de las hembras se redujo de 34 d a 20 °C a 19 -22 días a las dos temperaturas más altas. Los machos viven poco tiempo y su longevidad se reduce con incrementos en la temperatura. A los 25 °C, la tasa neta de reproducción (Ro) fue 325.4 ♀/♀, el tiempo de generación (TG) 39.5 días, la tasa intrínseca de crecimiento (rm) 0.147 (♀/♀/d), la tasa finita de incremento (λ) 1.158, y el tiempo de duplicación (TD) fue de 4.7 días. La capacidad de P. minor para completar su desarrollo, sobrevivir y reproducirse con éxito de los 20 a los 29 °C sugiere que esta cochinilla tiene potencial para establecerse en zonas climáticas con este mismo rango de temperatura.
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