Insights into the use of a mass trapping strategy to control fruit fly populations (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Guatemala: a study case in a citrus growing-area
Abstract
Mass trapping is a control method for fruit fly pests (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruit-growing areas. This study aimed at providing information on the use of mass trapping using Cera Trap® to control fruit fly pests in a citrus-growing area in Guatemala. We analyzed the “flies per number of traps × exposure d” index and sex ratios of fly populations based on 3 trapping types: a mass trapping network, a monitoring trap in the center of a plot involving mass trapping, and another trap installed in a plot without mass trapping. Sex ratios within and between trapping types, as well as the flies per number of traps × exposure d between trapping types were compared. Eleven fruit fly species were identified, and 4 of them were used in the analysis: Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha distincta (Greene), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (all Diptera: Tephritidae). No differences in the sex ratio were observed between the trapping types, but it was female-biased within mass trapping. A negative effect of mass trapping on the flies per number of traps × exposure d of pest populations was noted. We discussed the use of mass trapping highlighting citrus agroecosystems as a shelter for fruit fly communities including pest species. Further research on agroecological variables and their effect on the mass trapping strategy is suggested.
Resumen
El trampeo masivo es un método de control para plagas de moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) en áreas frutícolas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo proveer información sobre el uso del trampeo masivo con Cera Trap® para el control de plagas de moscas de la fruta en áreas citrícolas de Guatemala. Se analizó el índice de “moscas por número de trampas × días de exposición” and la proporción de sexo de las poblaciones de mosca basados en 3 tipos de trampeo: una red de trampeo masivo, una trampa de monitoreo en el centro del sitio involucrando el trampeo masivo, y otra trampa instalada en otro sitio sin trampeo masivo. Se comparó las proporciones de sexo dentro y entre los tipos de trampeo, así como las moscas por número de trampas × exposición dia entre los tipos de trampeo. Once especies de moscas de la fruta fueron identificadas, y 4 de ellas fueron utilzadas en el análisis: Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha distincta (Greene), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (todos Diptera: Tephritidae). No se observaron diferencias en la proporción de sexo entre los tipos de trampeo, sin embargo, hubo un sesgo hacia las hembras dentro del trampeo masivo. Se determinó un efecto negativo del trampeo masivo sobre las moscas por número de trampas × exposición dia. Se discute el uso del trampeo masivo destacando los agroecosistemas citrícolas como refugio de comunidades de moscas de la fruta incluyendo las especies plaga. Se sugiere mayor investigación sobre variables agroecológicas y su efecto en la estrategia de trampeo masivo.
Key Words: Anastrepha ludens; Ceratitis capitata; Cera Trap®; flies per number of traps × exposure d; pest; trap
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