Distant-dependent capture probabilities of Mediterranean and oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in a food-based trap in a Hawaiian mango orchard
Abstract
Certain species of true fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are worldwide pests of fruits and vegetables, and many countries operate trapping programs to detect and monitor invasions. Food-based traps are an important component of detection programs because they are general attractants that are neither sex- nor species-specific. Torula yeast borax solution is a food bait that is used widely, but little is known regarding its attractiveness in terms of distant-dependent capture rates in field settings. The goal of the present study, which was conducted in a Hawaiian mango (Mangifera indica L.; Anacardiaceae) orchard, was to measure capture probabilities of oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), released at 5, 10, or 20 m from a centrally located trap baited with torula yeast borax solution. For both species, capture probabilities were relatively low and decreased with increasing release distance from the trap. Trap captures were female-biased strongly in B. dorsalis, while the sex ratio of captured C. capitata was more variable and differed among the release distances. Based on data pooled over the sexes, B. dorsalis was captured at significantly higher rates than C. capitata for release distances of 5 and 10 m, and a marginally significantly higher rate (P = 0.053) for the 20 m releases. These findings are compared with other release-recapture studies of tephritids that involved food baits, and the relative attractiveness of torula yeast borax solution and male lures are noted for B. dorsalis and C. capitata.
Resumo
Ciertas especies de verdaderas moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae) son plagas mundiales de frutas y verduras, y muchos países operan programas de captura para detectar y monitorear invasiones. Las trampas a base de alimentos son un componente importante de los programas de detección, por ser atrayentes generales que no son específicos del sexo ni de la especie. La solución de bórax de levadura Torula es un cebo alimenticio que se usa ampliamente, pero se sabe poco sobre su atractivo en términos de tasas de captura dependientes de la distancia en entornos de campo. El objetivo del presente estudio, que se realizó en un huerto de mango hawaiano (Mangifera indica L.; Anacardiaceae), fue medir las probabilidades de captura de moscas orientales de la fruta, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) y moscas del Mediterráneo Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), liberada a 5, 10 o 20 m de una trampa ubicada en el centro cebada con solución de bórax de levadura torula. Para ambas especies, las probabilidades de captura fueron relativamente bajas y disminuyeron al aumentar la distancia de liberación desde la trampa. Las capturas de trampas fueron fuertemente sesgadas por las hembras de B. dorsalis, mientras que la proporción de sexos de C. capitata capturada fue más variable y difirió entre las distancias de liberación. Según los datos agrupados por sexos, se capturó B. dorsalis a tasas significativamente más altas que C. capitata para distancias de liberación de 5 y 10 m, y una tasa marginalmente significativamente más alta (P = 0.053) para las liberaciones de 20 m. Estos hallazgos se comparan con otros estudios de liberación-recaptura de tefrítidos que involucraron cebos alimenticios, y se observa el atractivo relativo de la solución de bórax de levadura torula y los señuelos para machos para B. dorsalis y C. capitata.
Key Words: Ceratitis capitata; Bactrocera dorsalis; food-based trapping; detection
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