Resistance of four rose varieties to Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) under greenhouse conditions
Abstract
The rose varieties (Rosa spp.; Rosaceae), widely used to decorate urban landscapes, are susceptible to attacks by arthropod pests. The twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most economically important pests in roses. The study proposed to evaluate the resistance mechanisms (antixenosis, antibiosis, and tolerance) of 4 rose varieties (‘Ojo de Toro,’ ‘Samuray,’ ‘Virginia,’ and ‘Keiro’) to twospotted spider mite under greenhouse conditions. The antixenosis was evaluated by non-preference of oviposition, and through the number of larvae, nymphs, and adults of twospotted spider mite; antibiosis by the growth rate (r); tolerance by chlorophyll loss and leaf damage index. Twospotted spider mite showed no preference to oviposit on plants of the Samuray variety (3 eggs per leaflet). Larvae, nymphs, and adults showed no preference to feed on Ojo de Toro and Samuray varieties. Twospotted spider mite recorded the lowest values in r (0.2047 d-1) and the percentage of chlorophyll loss (15.64%) in the Samuray variety. The damage caused by twospotted spider mite in the 4 rose varieties was similar. The Samuray variety was the most resistant to twospotted spider mite, whereas the most susceptible varieties were Keiro and Virginia.
Sumario
Las variedades de rosas (Rosa spp.; Rosaceae), son ampliamente utilizadas para decorar paisajes urbanos, pero son susceptibles a los ataques de plagas de artrópodos. El ácaro de dos manchas, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), es una de las plagas económicamente más importantes en rosas. La propuesta de este estudio fue evaluar los mecanismos de resistencia (antixenosis, antibiosis y tolerancia) de 4 variedades de rosas (‘Ojo de Toro,’ ‘Samuray,’ ‘Virginia,’ y ‘Keiro’) a ácaros de dos manchas bajo condiciones de invernadero. La antixenosis, se evaluó por la no preferencia de la oviposición y por el número de larvas, ninfas y adultos de ácaro de dos manchas; antibiosis por la tasa de crecimiento (r); tolerancia por pérdida de clorofila e índice de daño foliar. El ácaro de dos manchas no mostró preferencia por el oviposición en plantas de la variedad Samuray (3 huevos por foliolo). Las larvas, ninfas y adultos no mostraron preferencia por alimentarse de las variedades Ojo de Toro y Samuray. En la variedad Samuray, el ácaro de dos manchas registró los valores más bajos en r (0.2047 d-1) y en el porcentaje de pérdida de clorofila (15.64%). El daño causado por el ácaro de dos manchas en las 4 variedades de rosas fue similar. La variedad Samuray, fue la más resistente al ácaro araña de dos manchas, mientras que las variedades más susceptibles fueron Keiro y Virginia.
Key Words: antibiosis; antixenosis; tolerance; chlorophyll loss; leaf damage index; growth rate
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