Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. employed for the management of Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura in Indonesia
Abstract
Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are minute polyphagous wasps and endoparasitoids of lepidopteran eggs. The objective of this study was to identify Trichogramma species emerging from the eggs of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) attacking corn, Zea mays L. (Poaceae) in Bunga Raya, Siak, Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia, and individuals from an unidentified species obtained from a commercial laboratory in Jatisari, Karawang, West Java, Java, Indonesia. The emergence rate of Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. Khan & Ikram (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on an infestation containing eggs of both pest species, beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), and the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) (both Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn ex Benth. (Fabaceae) also was evaluated in a nursery in Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau. Two Trichogramma species, namely Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and a new species, T. yousufi sp. nov., were recovered from the eggs of O. furnacalis in Bunga Raya. Trichogramma poliae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was identified as the species reared in the laboratory in Jatisari. Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. was compared and separated from its closer species, Trichogramma latipennis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Trichogramma species, recovered from corn crops and 1 that also was reared in the laboratory, successfully parasitized the eggs of S. exigua and S. litura under controlled conditions. The emergence rate of T. yousufi sp. nov. was recorded at 24.79 to 40.82%, with the highest percentage for more adults of this parasitoid released per m2 in the nursery, indicating its potential to be employed as a biological control agent of Spodoptera in natural conditions.
Resumen
Las especies Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) son avispas polífagas diminutas y endoparasitoides de huevos de lepidópteros. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las especies de Trichogramma que emergen de los huevos del barrenador asiático del maíz, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) que ataca al maíz, Zea mays L. (Poaceae) en Bunga Raya, Siak, Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia, e individuos de una especie no identificada obtenida de un laboratorio comercial en Jatisari, Karawang, Java Occidental, Java, Indonesia. Se evaluó la tasa de emergencia de Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. Khan e Ikram (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) en una infestación que tenia huevos de ambas especies de plagas, el gusano del ejército de remolacha, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), y el gusano del tabaco, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), en Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn ex Benth. (Fabaceae) también en un vivero en Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau. Las dos especies de Trichogramma, Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), y la nueva especie, T. yousufi sp. nov., fueron recuperados de los huevos de O. furnacalis en Bunga Raya. Trichogramma poliae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) fue identificada como la especie criada en el laboratorio en Jatisari. Trichogramma yousufi sp. nov. fue comparada y separada de su especie más cercana, Trichogramma latipennis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Las especies de Trichogramma, recuperadas de cultivos de maíz, y una criada en el laboratorio, parasitaron con éxito los huevos de S. exigua y S. litura en condiciones controladas. Se registró la tasa de emergencia de T. yousufi sp. nov. en 24.79 a 40.82%, con el porcentaje más alto para adultos de este parasitoide liberado por m2 en el vivero, lo que indica su potencial para ser empleado como agente de control biológico de Spodoptera en condiciones naturales.
Key Words: new species; Ostrinia furnacalis; parasitism rate
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