Bioactivity of 1-octacosanol from Senna crotalarioides (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) to control Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (fall armyworm) is a pest native to the Americas that affects a variety of crops. Its control is based on chemical insecticides. However, this practice has been associated with changes in the susceptibility of pests to various insecticides. The use of plant products represents an eco-friendly alternative. The objective of this work was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the chloroform extract of Senna crotalarioides (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) to control S. frugiperda. The chloroform extract of S. crotalarioides caused significant larval mortality, and reduced pupal weight and adult emergence. The analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of 22 compounds in the chloroform extract of S. crotalarioides leaves, with the straight-chain aliphatic fatty alcohol 1-octacosanol as the main component. This study revealed that the leaves of S. crotalarioides synthesize long chain alcohols, which increased the mortality of S. frugiperda in its larval stage, including the pupal stage. The extract also caused a decrease in the S. frugiperda pupal weight. The potential use of the chloroform extract obtained from S. crotalarioides and its principal chemical constituent is proposed as a promising alternative to control S. frugiperda.
Resumen
Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) es una plaga nativa del continente Americano que afecta a muchos cultivos. Para su control, se emplean insecticidas químico sintéticos. Sin embargo, esta práctica se ha asociado con la generación de resistencia del insecto a estos productos. El uso de productos botánicos representa una alternativa eco amigable. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad larvicida del extracto clorofórmico de Senna crotalarioides (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) para controlar S. frugiperda. El extracto ocasionó mortalidad significativa de la larva. También se observó reducción de peso pupal y de emergencia de adultos. El análisis mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) reveló la presencia de 22 compuestos en el extracto clorofórmico de las hojas de S. crotalarioides, siendo el alcohol alifático de cadena lineal 1-octacosanol el componente mayoritario. Este estudio reveló que las hojas de S. crotalarioides sintetizan alcoholes de cadenas largas, los cuales ocasionan un incremento en la mortalidad en el estado larval e incluso en el estado pupal de S. frugiperda. También el extracto indujo la disminución del peso pupal. El uso potencial del extracto clorofórmico obtenido de S. crotalarioides así como de su compuesto mayoritario para controlar S. frugiperda se plantea como alternativas promisorias.
Key Words: botanical; fall armyworm; insecticide; management
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