First record of lepidopteran borers in macadamia nuts in Brazil
Abstract
Brazil recently began commercial cultivation of macadamia nuts, making it necessary to identify the insect pests attacking them in order to develop a pest management program. This study reports the occurrence of lepidopteran borers in macadamia fruits of orchards from the municipality of Jaboticabal, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Sampling was performed biweekly by visually searching for attacked fruits. The nuts collected had circular holes caused by lepidopteran larvae. The borers identified were Elaphria hypophaea (Hampson) (Noctuidae), Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (Lima) (Tortricidae), and Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Pyralidae), which occurred in the stages of fruit formation and growth, ripe fruits, and dropped fruits, respectively. This is the first record of E. hypophaea as a macadamia fruit borer worldwide, and the first record of G. aurantianum and E. ceratoniae as macadamia fruit borers in Brazil.
Sumário
O Brasil recentemente começou a cultivar macadâmia comercialmente, e isso torna necessário identificar os insetos-praga que atacam as nozes de macadâmia, a fim de desenvolver um programa de controle de pragas. Este estudo relata a ocorrência de brocas de lepidópteros em frutos de macadâmia de pomares do município de Jaboticabal, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas quinzenalmente, procurando visualmente por frutos atacados. As castanhas coletadas tinham orifícios circulares causados por lagartas. As espécies de lepidópteros brocas identificados foram Elaphria hypophaea (Hampson) (Noctuidae), Gymnandrosoma aurantianum (Lima) (Tortricidae), e Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Pyralidae), que ocorreram nas fases de formação e crescimento dos frutos, frutos maduros e frutos em queda, respectivamente. Este é o primeiro registro mundial de E. hypophaea como broca de macadâmia e o primeiro registro de G. aurantianum e E. ceratoniae como broca de macadâmia no Brasil.
Key Words: Macadamia integrifolia; insect pest; lepidopteran larva; damage; Proteaceae
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