Predation capability of Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) feeding of Melanaphis sacchari (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Keywords:
sorghum, sugarcane aphid, convergent ladybeetle, common green lacewing, natural enemy, biological controlAbstract
The sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) Hemiptera: Aphididae), was first detected in Mexico in 2013. Since then, it has caused significant yield losses in sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae). The objective of this work was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the predation capability for the sugarcane aphid, measured as the consumption rate, of 2 predator species commonly used as biocontrol agents for different aphid species. We evaluated the consumption rate of larvae and adults of the convergent ladybeetle, Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Méneville) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) when exposed to 100 aphid specimens for either 30 or 60 min. A second experiment compared the consumption rate of males and females of H. convergens exposed to different densities (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128) of aphids in a 24-h period. We also tested the consumption rate of larvae of the common green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), in a 24-h period at different aphid densities (8, 16, 32, and 64). Larvae of H. convergens had a statistically significant higher consumption rate for the 30-min session compared to adults. However, for the 60-min session, the consumption rate was similar for both. The consumption rate between males and females at different aphid densities did not show statistical differences, except for the 64-aphid density; females consumed 85.9% of the aphids, compared to 68.2% by the males. Finally, a positive correlation was observed between prey density and prey consumption of C. carnea larvae. The regression model showed that they could consume an average of 15 aphids per d.
Resumen
El pulgón amarillo, Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner, 1897 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) fue detectado por primera vez en México en 2013. Desde entonces ha causado pérdidas significativas en sorgo, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Poaceae). El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de consumo del pulgón amarillo de dos especies depredadoras utilizadas comúnmente como agentes de control biológico, en condiciones de laboratorio. La tasa de consumo de larvas y adultos de la catarinita convergente Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fue evaluada al exponer 100 pulgones amarillos por un período de 30 o 60 min. Un segundo experimento comparó la tasa de consumo de hembras y machos de la catarinita convergente, H. convergens bajo diferentes densidades de presa (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, y 128 pulgones amarillos) en un period de 24 h. La tasa de consumo de la crisopa Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, 1836 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), fue evaluada en un periodo de 24 h bajo diferentes densidades de presa (8, 16, 32, y 64 pulgones amarillos). La tasa de consumo en un periodo de 30 min fue estadísticamente más grande para las larvas de H. convergens que la de adultos. Sin embargo, la tasa de consumo del periodo de 60 min fue similar para las larvas y los adultos. La tasa de consumo también fue similar ente hembras y machos expuestos a diferentes densidades de presa, a excepción de la densidad de 64 pulgones amarillos. A esta densidad de presa, las hembras consumieron 85.9% de los pulgones, comparado con solo 68.2% por los machos. Finalmente, las larvas de C. carnea mostraron una correlación positiva ente la densidad de la presa y la tasa de consumo. El modelo de regresión mostró que las larvas pueden consumir en promedio 15 pulgones amarillos por día.
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