Evaluation of a lignin-encapsulated nootkatone formulation against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Keywords:
biopesticide, phytotoxicity, lima bean, twospotted spider mite, carvacrolAbstract
Botanical-based miticides, such as neem oil, are used in organic and conventional agronomic production as part of chemical rotation plans to suppress pest mite populations. Other plant-based compounds such as nootkatone (a component of essential oils distilled from grapefruit, Citrus paradise Macfayden (Rutaceae), and Alaskan yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis [D. Don] Spach [Cupressaceae]), also may serve as effective organic miticides in crop production systems. We report on a lignin-encapsulated (LE) nootkatone formulation (previously effective at repelling ticks) that was evaluated as a miticide against the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). At an application rate of 1 g/L AI, LE nootkatone caused 85% mortality of spider mites in the absence of silk webbing, but only 12% mortality when webbing was present. Another component of Alaskan yellow cedar oil, carvacrol, was added at a rate of 1 ml/L to the LE formulation. Spider mite mortality to this formulation, with webbing present, increased to 81%. Although the LE nootkatone and carvacrol combination exhibited phytotoxicity, it does have potential as a miticide. However, more work is needed to reduce the phytotoxicity of current formulations.
Resumen
Los acaricidas con base botánica, como el aceite de neem, se usan en la producción agronómica orgánica y convencional como parte de los planes de rotación química para suprimir las poblaciones de ácaros. Otros compuestos a base de plantas como nootkatone (un componente de aceites esenciales destilados de pomelo, Citrus paradisi Macfayden, y cedro amarillo de Alaska, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis [D. Don] Spach), también podrían server como un acaricida orgánico eficaz en los sistemas de producción de cultivos. Presentamos un informe sobre una formulación de nootkatona encapsulada en lignina (EL) (anteriormente eficaz para repeler las garrapatas) que se evaluó como acaricida contra la arañita de dos manchas, Tetranychusurticae Koch. A una tasa de aplicación de 1 g/L de Ingredientes Activos (IA), la formulación de EL nootkatone causó un 85% de mortalidad de ácaros en ausencia de tela de las arañitas, pero solo un 12% de mortalidad cuando habia tela de las arañitas. Se añadió otro componente del aceite de cedro amarillo de Alaska, carvacrol, a una velocidad de 1 ml /L a la formulación EL. La mortalidad de las arañitas a esta formulación, con presencia de tela de las arañitas aumentó al 81%. Aunque EL nootkatone y carvacrol fueron fitotóxicos tienen potencial como acaricidas, pero se necesita más trabajo para reducir la fitotoxicidad de las formulaciones actuales.
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