Acoustic detection of Mallodon dasystomus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Persea americana (Laurales: Lauraceae) branch stumps
Keywords:
avocado, hardwood stump borer, survey, cryptic infestationAbstract
Mallodon dasystomus Say (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Prioninae) is a pest of hardwood trees in the southern United States that recently began attacking trees in avocado groves in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The larvae feed hidden inside the tree, and adult attractants have not been commercialized; consequently, this species is difficult to find in field environments. It was of interest to consider the potential use of insect acoustic detection devices to help survey the magnitude and locations M. dasystomus populations in commercial avocado groves so that the extent of their economic damage could be estimated. An insect acoustic detection system was tested in 2 avocado groves on 11 trees suspected of harboring infestations. Four infested trees were identified and 6 were correctly classified as uninfested. One uninfested tree was classified as infested, possibly due to the occurrence of wind during signal recording. The use of acoustic methods to detect M. dasystomus can be of benefit in estimating its economic damage to the Florida avocado industry already facing losses from laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, Harrington, Fraedrich, and Aghayeva (Ophiostomataceae), vectored by redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Ploetz et al. 2017), and Fusarium (Hypocreaceae) dieback, vectored by Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (Carrillo et al. 2016; Kendra et al. 2017).
Sumario
Mallodon dasystomus Say es una plaga de árboles de madera dura en el sur de los Estados Unidos que recientemente comenzó a atacar árboles en las plantaciones de aguacate en el condado de Miami-Dade, FL. Las larvas se alimentan de manera oculta dentro del árbol y los atra- yentes adultos no se han comercializado; en consecuencia, esta especie es difícil de encontrar en ambientes de campo. Fue de interes considerer el uso potencial de los aparatos de detección acústica de insectos para ayudar a estudiar la magnitud y la ubicación de las poblaciones de M. dasystomus en las plantaciones comerciales de aguacate, de manera que se pueda estimar el alcance de su daño económico. Se probó un Sistema de detección acústica de insectos en dos plantaciones de aguacate con 11 árboles sospechosos de tener infestaciones. Se identificaron cuatro árboles infestados y 6 se clasificaron correctamente como no infestados. Un árbol no infestado se clasificó como infestado, posiblemente debido al viento que sucedió durante el registro de la señal. El uso de métodos acústicos para detectar M. dasystomus puede ser beneficioso para estimar su daño económico a la industria del aguacate de la Florida que ya enfrenta pérdidas por marchitez de laurel, causada por Raffaelea lauricola Harrington, Fraedrich y Aghayeva, transmitido por Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, el escarabajo descortezador de “redbay” (Persea borbonia) (Ploetz et al., 2017), y muerte regresiva por Fusarium, transmitida por Euwallacea cr. fornicatus (Carrillo et al., 2016; Kendra et al., 2017).
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