Feeding behavior of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on soybeans exhibiting antibiosis, antixenosis, and tolerance resistance

Authors

  • Edson L.L. Baldin Department of Crop Protection, College of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP 18610-307, Brazil
  • Mitchell D. Stamm University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
  • José P.F. Bentivenha Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
  • Kyle G. Koch University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
  • Tiffany M. Heng-Moss University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 103 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
  • Thomas E. Hunt University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, Concord, Nebraska, United States of America, Concord, NE 68728, USA

Keywords:

host plant resistance, electrical penetration graph, soybean aphid

Abstract

Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a serious pest of soybean in North America. Plant resistance is a valuable tool for the management of this pest, and a better understanding of the interactions between aphid and soybeans expressing varying levels and different categories of resistance can assist in the development of aphid resistant or tolerant genotypes. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique was used to evaluate the feeding behavior of A. glycines (biotype 1) on 4 soybean genotypes: (1) ‘Dowling’ (contains Rag1 gene and exhibits antibiosis); (2) PI 200538 (contains Rag2 gene and exhibits antixenosis); (3) KS4202 (exhibits tolerance); and (4) ‘SD76RR’ (susceptible to aphid). Aphids spent shorter periods in the sieve element phase on ‘Dowling’ and exhibited a greater number of pathway phases, non-probing events, and a longer time in nonprobing events in PI 200538 and ‘Dowling.’ For ‘SD76RR’ and KS4202, aphids demonstrated more sustained phloem ingestion, spent shorter time in non-probing events, and exhibited fewer pathway phases and potential drops. These results indicate that resistance factors are present in the phloem of ‘Dowling.’ For PI 200538, it is suggested that antixenotic factors are involved in resistance to A. glycines. Because KS4202 is tolerant to biotype 1 of A. glycines, the suitability of this genotype was expected already. This study provides important data that contribute to the understanding of how soybean aphids (biotype 1) feed on soybean genotypes with various aphid resistant genes and categories. In addition to assisting in the distinction between resistance categories, these results are useful in soybean breeding programs focusing on developing genotypes with greater resistance to insects.

 

Resumo

Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) é uma das principais pragas da cultura da soja na América do Norte. Dentre as técnicas de manejo da praga, a resistência de plantas a insetos se destaca como uma ferramenta valiosa. Assim, uma melhor compreensão sobre as interações entre o afídeo e plantas de soja que expressam variáveis níveis e diferentes categorias de resistência, pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de genótipos resistentes ao inseto. A técnica de EPG foi utilizada para avaliar o comportamento alimentar de A. glycines (biótipo 1) em 4 genótipos de soja: (1) ‘Dowling’ (contém gene Rag1 e expressa antibiose); (2) PI 200538 (contém gene Rag2 e expressa antixenose); (3) KS4202 (expressa tolerância); e (4) ‘SD76RR’ (suscetível ao afídeo). Os afídeos demonstraram curtos períodos de alimentação na fase de seiva em ‘Dowling’ e exibiram uma grande quantidade de fases de caminhamento estiletar, número de períodos de não-prova e longos período de não-prova em PI 200538 e ‘Dowling.’ Para ‘SD76RR’ e KS4202, os afídeos mostraram um maior período de alimentação em vasos do floema, apresentaram curtos períodos de não-prova e exibiram poucas fases de caminhamento estiletar, além de menor número de quedas de potencial. Os resultados indicam que fatores de resistência estão presents nos vasos floemáticos de ‘Dowling.’ Para PI200538, sugere-se que fatores antixenóticos estão envolvidos na resistência a A. glycines. Uma vez que KS4202 expressa tolerância ao biótipo 1 de A. glycines, a adequabilidade deste genótipo como fonte de alimento para o inseto já era esperada. Este estudo fornece importantes dados que contribuem para um melhor entendimento de como o pulgão-da-soja (biótipo 1) se alimentam de plantas de soja portadoras de diferentes genes e categorias de resistência. Além de auxiliar na distinção entre as categorias de resistência, esses resultados podem ser úteis em programas de melhoramento de soja, com intuito de selecionar genótipos mais resistentes a insetos.

 

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Author Biography

Thomas E. Hunt, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Haskell Agricultural Laboratory, Concord, Nebraska, United States of America, Concord, NE 68728, USA

Entomology

Professor

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Published

2019-04-27

Issue

Vol. 101, No. 2 (June 2018)

Section

Research Papers

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