Twenty species of fungi isolated from root and soil samples collected in 50 localities in Brazil were tested on agar as potential biological control agents against second-stage juveniles (J2), eggs, and egg masses of Meloidogyne incognita race 3. In vitro tests with eggs and egg masses showed isolates of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotrys conoides, A. musiformis, A. robusta, Monacrosporium ellisosporum, Dactylaria thaumasia, Cylindrocarpon sp., and Trichoderma harzianum to be efficient parasites. Substantial variability in virulence among isolates of the same species was observed. Juveniles were parasitized by nematode-trapping fungi but not by opportunistic or ectoparasitic fungi. The more promising isolates of M. ellipsosporum, P lilacinus, F. oxysporum, T. harzianum, A. robusta, and D. thaumasia were further evaluated against M. incognita race 3 in greenhouse pots. Each fungus and the nematode, alone or in combination, were mixed into soil that either had been fumigated or had n