NEMATODES ASSOCIATED WITH OLIVE TREES IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL, AND DAMAGE CAUSED BY ROOT–KNOT NEMATODES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63965/QTQA5202Abstract
Despite its robust, the olive tree is susceptible to pathogens, including nematodes. Therefore, the objectives were to: (i) identify plant–parasitic nematodes associated with olive in São Paulo State; (ii) assess the susceptibility of the cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana, Picual, and Koroneiki to Meloidogyne enterolobii, M. incognita, and M. javanica; and (iii) determine the damage threshold caused by M. javanica. Among 58 samples collected from 14 municipalities in São Paulo, the most detected species were Helicotylenchus dihystera and Pratylenchus brachyurus, found in 88% and 53% of the samples, respectively. The species H. erithrinae, P. brachyurus, P. zeae, Xiphinema diffusum, X. krugi, X. surinamense, and X. variegatum are reported for the first time in association with olive trees in Brazil. The cultivars Arbequina, Arbosana, and Koroneiki were found to be susceptible to M. javanica, while Arbequina was also susceptible to M. incognita race 1. The other cultivars were considered resistant or immune to the three Meloidogyne species evaluated. Furthermore, it was observed that the damage threshold (tolerance limit) of Arbequina to M. javanica was 9,000 nematodes, with a minimum yield (m) of 0.813, indicating that only from this initial population level can an 18.7% reduction in plant development be observed. These findings are valuable for documenting nematode species associated with olive trees in Brazil and for characterizing the damage caused to cultivars in infested areas.
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