Impact of fly ash hatching, penetration and development of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica

Abstract

Fly ash extract significantly impaired the hatching of MeloidogYlle javallica juveniles, the inhibition in hatching being proportional to the concentration of the extract. Soil application of fly ash in different doses (0.0%, 25%, 50% and 100%) inhibited root penetration by juveniles, with penetration being inversely related to fly ash ratios. Penetration was completely suppressed at 100% concentration. All the rates suppressed the development of juveniles in chickpea roots. At lower levels (25%, 50%) of mixtures low numbers of J2 developed to the mature female stage.