0000. Revision of Phanaeus Macleay, A New World Genus of Scarabaeine Dung Beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae)

Abstract

This study is a revision of the genus Phanaeus as defined by Edmonds (1972). The intro· duction includes a history of the genus, a key separating it from related genera, a discussion of taxonomic characters and primary type material, a summary of the biology and geography of the genus, and conclusions about its evolution. The systematic section treats 48 species and subspecies in two subgenera, one of which, Notiophanaeus, is new. Notiophanaeus comprises five species groups embracing 15 mostly South American species. Phanaeus, sen. str., includes 31 species and subspecies arranged in eight species groups. Keys separate subgenera, species groups, species, and subspecies. Phanaeus labreae (Pierce) and P. antiquus Horn, known from fossil deposits, are considered incertae sedis. One new subspecies is described, P. (P.) triangularis texensis. The following new combinations result from reductions in rank from species to subspecies: P. (P.) amethystinus guatemalensis Harold, P. (P.) tridens pseudofurcosus Balthasar, and P. (P.) wagneri pilatei Harold. Neotypes are designated for the following taxa: Copris triangularis Say, C. quadridens Say, Phanaeus tridens Laporte-Castelnau, P. demon Laporte-Castelnau, P. laevicollis LaPorte-Castelnau (= P. kirbyi Vigors), P. difformis LeConte, P. igneus Macleay, and P. vindex Macleay. Lectotypes are designated for the following (valid name, where appropriate, appears parenthetically preceded by =): Scarabaeus carnifex Linnaeus 1767, not 1758 (= P. vindex Macleay); P. minos Erichson (= P. meleagris Blanchard); P. bogotensis Kirsch (= P. hermes Harold); P. torrens LeConte (= P. triangularis [Say]); P. pyrois Bates; P. furiosus Bates; P. eximius Bates; P. beltianus Bates; P. scutifer Bates; P. excelsus Bates (= P. demon Laporte-Castelnau); P. obliquans Bates (= P. demon Laporte-Castelnau); P. scintillans Bates (= P. mexicanus Harold); and P. tepanensis Bates (= P. amethystinus guatemalensis Harold). The following new synonymy is proposed in Notiophanaeus (synonym precedes valid name): P. kirbyi truncaticornis Olsoufieff = P. kirbyi Vigors, P. blanchardi Olsoufieff = P. pyrois Bates, and P. funereus Balthasar = P. pyrois Bates. The following are new synonyms in Phanaeus, sen. str.: P. bogotensis Kirsch = P. hermes Harold, P. lugens N evinson = P. prasinus Harold, P. furcosus Felsche = P. furiosus Bates, P. herbeus Bates = P. daphnis Harold, P. coerulus Bates = P. daphnis Harold, P. tricornis Olsoufieff = P. daphnis Harold, P. niger Olsoufieff = P. triangularis (Say), P. obliquans Bates = P. demon LaporteCastelnau, P. obliquans Bates = P. demon Laporte-Castelnau, P. excelsus Bates = P. demon LaporteCastelnau, P. scintillans Bates = P. mexicanus Harold, P. martinezi Halffter = P. amethystinus Harold, P. quadridens borealis Olsoufieff = P. quadridens (Say), P. vindex rubervirens Robinson = P. vindex Macleay, P. floridanus Olsoufieff = P. igneus Macleay, and P. difformis magnificens Robinson = P. difformis LeConte. A list of all known available names and a previously established synonymy are included in the introduction. Geographical distribution data for all species and subspecies are contained in the appendix.

Este trabajo es una revision del genero Phanaeus Macleay, segiin Edmonds (1972). La parte introductoria consiste en una relacion de la historia taxonomica del genero, una clave que 10 separa de generos vecinos, un resumen de la biologia y geografia del grupo, y una serie de conclusiones acerca de su evolucion. La sec cion sistematica trata de 48 especies y subespecies colocadas en dos subgeneros, de los cuales N otiophanaeus es nuevo. N otiophanaeus comprende cinco grupos de especies, que, en su mayoria, son sudamericanas. Phanaeus, sen. str., consta de 31 especies y subespecies, principal mente mexicanas y estadounidenses, clasificadas en ocho grupos. Se presentan claves para la identificacion de subgeneros, grupos de especies, especies y subespecies. Phanaeus labreae (Pierce) y P. antiquus Horn son especies supuestamente extintas de incertae sedis. Los datos de distribucion geogriifica comprenden el apendice. Se describe una nueva subespecie, P. (P.) triangularis texensis. El nivel taxonomico de tres taxa, anteriormente consideradas como especies, se baja a subespecie. Se designan neotipos por ocho especies y lectotipos por otras trece. Se seiialan 19 casos de nueva sinonimia.