Involving Girls in STEM: A Study on Gender Bias from Schooling to University

Abstract

Gender disparity in STEM fields, particularly in computer science (CS), remains a global challenge due to the underrepresentation of women. Factors such as educational background and pre-university choices could influence this disparity. Gender bias and stereotypes, starting in childhood, could significantly deter female enrollment in CS programs. This study explores the educational experiences and reasons behind gender disparities in the Bachelor’s degree program in Computer Science at the University of Padova, aiming to promote gender equality in academia and the Information and Communication Technology industry. Data were collected from 167 students, revealing gender differences in secondary education and motivations for pursuing CS. Gender disparities were noted in perceived difficulties in facing different courses, from programming to numerical calculus, and in perceptions of bias, with females more likely to perceive women as disadvantaged, and the stereotype of “CS is for men” being more prevalent among older generations. Both genders expressed moderate optimism about increasing female representation in CS and suggested solutions such as school interventions, practical initiatives, curriculum integration, scholarships, and female quotas.