Basic Needs Crisis in Higher Education: Results of a Statewide Study Including Students, Faculty, and Staff

Abstract

Since 2009, numerous studies have been published reporting the prevalence of basic needs insecurities (BNI), particularly food and housing, among college students. Few, however, have been statewide or included students in the southwest region of the United States and almost none have included faculty and staff. This cross-sectional study examining BNI among students, faculty, and staff at public institutions of higher education in the state of New Mexico, all of which are federally designated minority serving institutions, fills these gaps. We administered the survey in March–April 2023 and measured past-year food insecurity (USDA 18-item household module), nutrition insecurity (one-item screener), housing insecurity, homelessness, anxiety (GAD-2), depression (PHQ-2), and other basic needs. Prevalence of any BNI was calculated among students and faculty/staff by institution type (two-year, four-year, tribal colleges). Of the 13,662 survey participants, 80.7% of students and 61.6% of faculty/staff reported at least one BNI. Tribal college participants had higher odds of many BNI compared to four-year colleges; differences between two-year and four-year colleges were also found (p < .05). Not only are students affected by BNI, but those who work in colleges and universities also experience insecurity. Interventions in the higher education setting must include all ranks.