Potential distribution of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in relation to alternate hosts in Mexico
Keywords:
spatial distribution, MaxEnt, invasive pestsAbstract
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is one of the most important pests of berry crop production in Mexico. The purpose of this research was to model the potential distribution of D. suzukii in the Mexico relative to 4 non-crop hosts using Maximum Entropy Ecological Niche Modeling. Spotted wing drosophila records were collected from a survey conducted in commercial blackberry plots and non-cultivated areas between 2013–2015. The data for the presence of non-crop hosts in the country and the bioclimatic variables used in the modelling were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and WorldClim websites, respectively. For climatic variable selection, a principal component analysis on climatic variables was conducted prior to the MaxEnt modeling. The results demonstrate that the potential distribution of spotted wing drosophila was primarily in central Mexico. However, other suitable locations in the southeastern portion of the county were identified, which were not previously known. Likewise, the joint modeling depicted areas of coincidence between the spotted wing drosophila distribution and 4 alternating non-crop hosts commonly distributed in the berry-producing region, which includes the states of Michoacán, Jalisco, Guanajuato, and Mexico. This joint modeling of the potential distribution of spotted wing drosophila and non-crop hosts partly explains how the populations of the pest sustain themselves during seasons of low or no commercial berry production in Mexico.
Resumen
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) es una de las plagas más importantes en cultivos de berries en México. El objetivo de esta investigación fue modelar la distribución potencial de D. suzukii en México en presencia de cuatro hospederos no cultivados utilizando el modelado de Nicho Ecológicos mediante el método de Máxina entropia incluido en MaxEnt. Los registros de Drosophila suzukii fueron recolectados de una muestreos realizados en parcelas comerciales de zarzamora y áreas no cultivadas durante 2013–2015. Los datos de la presencia de los hosperos no cultivados en el país y las variables bioclimáticas utilizadas en el modelado se obtuvieron de los sitios web del Global Biodiversity Information Facility y WorldClim, respectivamente. Para la selección de variables, previo al modelo de MaxEnt se realizó un análisis de componentes principales sobre variables climáticas. Los resultados mostraron que la distribución potencia de D. suzukii estuvo en el centro de México y áreas específicas del sureste del país, no reportados previamente. Del mismo modo, el modelado conjunto mostró las áreas de coincidencia entre la distribución de D. suzukii y cuatro hospederos alternos no cultivados comúnmente distribuidos en la región productora de berries, incluyendo los estados de Michoacán, Jalisco, Guanajuato y México. Esta modelación de la distribución potencial de D. suzukii hospederos potenciales no cultivados explica en parte cómo las poblaciones de la plaga se mantienen en temporadas de baja o no producción comercial de berries en México.
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