Sources of protein as food baits for Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae): tests in a wind tunnel and the field
Keywords:
Food attractant, fruit fly, hydrolyzed protein, volatile organic compounds, yeast extract,Abstract
Abstract
The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae), is an economically important fruit pest in the Americas. Food attractants are used as bait in traps for monitoring the population of flies in orchards, but their effectiveness differs with location, fruit fly variety, and the type of trap deployed. In this work, we tested the effectiveness of a hydrolyzed protein, BioAnastrepha®, and a yeast extract, Bionis YE MF®, under field conditions and in a laboratory bioassay and identified the main volatile compounds emitted from such mixtures. Hydrolyzed protein and yeast extract were attractive in a wind tunnel, but in the field, hydrolyzed protein was not attractive and only pure yeast extract and yeast extract with sugar were attractive for A. obliqua. Sugar alone was not attractive to the flies in either experiment. Yeast extract itself is a good attractant for A. obliqua. The addition of sugar, however, will stimulate feeding, which could be useful in insecticide-bait sprays.
Resumo
A mosca das frutas Anastrepha obliqua Macquart (Diptera: Tephritidae) é uma importante praga de frutas com valor econômico nas Américas. Atrativos alimentares são utilizados como isca em armadilhas para monitoramento da população de moscas em pomares, porém suas eficácias divergem conforme local, espécie de mosca da fruta e tipo de armadilha utilizada. Neste trabalho testamos a eficácia alimentar de uma proteína hidrolisada, BioAnastrepha®, e um extrato de levedura, Bionis YE MF®, em condições de campo e em bioensaio laboratorial, bem como identificamos os principais compostos voláteis exalados destas misturas. A proteína hidrolisada e o extrato de levedura foram considerados atrativos nos testes em túnel de vento, inclusive quando se adicionou açúcar no extrato de levedura. Nos testes a campo, apenas o extrato de levedura puro e o extrato de levedura com açúcar foram atrativos para A. obliqua. O açúcar sozinho não foi atrativo para as moscas em nenhum experimento. Nosso estudo indica que o extrato de levedura é um bom atrativo alimentar para A. obliqua, sendo que a adição de açúcar pode melhorar a resposta atrativa.
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