Effect of host plants on the development, survivorship, and reproduction of Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Keywords:
Biology, Coccoidea, mealybugs, obscure mealybugAbstract
The obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most important damaging mealybugs in vineyards worldwide and in South American temperate fruit production. The life history of P. viburni on 3 fruit species was studied under laboratory conditions. Leaves of apple Malus domestica (Borkh.), persimmon Diospyros kaki L., and grapevine Vitis labrusca L., were used as host plants. Mealybugs were able to develop, survive, and reproduce on all 3 hosts; however, persimmon and grape leaves were most suitable for P. viburni development and reproduction. The cumulative development time (nymph to adulthood) ranged from about 35 d on persimmon and grape leaves to 40.87 ± 0.53 d on apple leaves for females, and from 30.68 ± 0.44 d on persimmon to about 34 d on apple and grape leaves for males. The obscure mealybug exhibited biparental oviparous reproduction, and the fecundity significantly decreased on apple leaves from a mean of 88 eggs per female on persimmon and grape leaves to 30.61 ± 2.9 eggs on apple leaves. The preoviposition period was shortest on persimmon (17.57 ± 0.59 d), and the reproductive period was longest on grape (31.77 ± 0.92 d). The longevity of mated females was higher on grape (54.84 ± 1.23 d) than on apple and persimmon (about 43 d). These results suggest that all 3 hosts can support the development and reproduction of P. viburni, but that persimmon and grape leaves are more suitable hosts.
Resumen
La cochinilla oscura, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae,) es una de las cochinillas más perjudiciales en los viñedos de todo el mundo y en la producción sudamericana de frutas templadas. Se estudio la historia de vida de P. viburni sobre 3 especies de frutos bajo condiciones de laboratorio. Se usaron hojas de manzana Malus domestica (Borkh.), caqui Diospyros kaki L. y vid Vitis labrusca L., como plantas hospederas. Las cochinillas podrian desarrollarse, sobrevivir y reproducirse sobre los 3 hospederos; sin embargo, el caqui y las hojas de uva fueron las más adecuadas para el desarrollo y la reproducción de P. viburni. El tiempo de desarrollo acumulado (ninfa a la edad adulta) varió entre aproximadamente 35 dias en hojas de caqui y de uva a 40,87 ± 0,53 dias sobre hojas de manzana para las hembras y de 30,68 ± 0,44 d en hojas de caqui a aproximadamente 34 dias en hojas de manzana y de uva para los machos. La cochinilla oscura exhibió la reproducción biparental ovipara y la fecundidad disminuyó significativamente en las hojas de manzana de un promedio de 88 huevos por hembra en las hojas de caqui y de uva a 30,61 ± 2,9 huevos en hojas de manzana. El período de preoviposición fue más corto en el caqui (17,57 ± 0,59 dias), y el período reproductivo fue más prolongado en la uva (31,77 ± 0,92 dias). La longevidad de las hembras apareadas fue mayor en la uva (54,84 ± 1,23 d) que en la manzana y el caqui (aproximadamente 43 días). Estos resultados sugieren que los 3 hospederos pueden apoyar el desarrollo y la reproducción de P. viburni, pero que el caqui y las hojas de uva son los hospederos más adecuados.
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