Radiation biology of Eldana saccharina (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Keywords:
fertility, fecundity, sugarcane borers, gamma rays, dose response, sterile insect techniqueAbstract
Laboratory-reared male and female Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Gallerinae)—a major pest of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.; Poales: Poaceae) in South Africa—were exposed to increasing doses of -radiation to assess this species’ suitability for the sterile insect technique as part of an area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) program. Irradiated male and female moths were crossed with non-irradiated counterparts and irradiated counterparts at the same radiation dose. Male and female moths were treated with radiation doses of 150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 Gy, and the following crosses were made: irradiated males (TM) mated with untreated females (UF) and irradiated females (TF) mated with untreated males (UM). Males and females of the TF × TM cross were exposed to the same radiation doses except in the 350 Gy treatment. Fertility (egg hatch) declined significantly with increasing doses of radiation in all crosses. Female progeny from the TF × UM and TF × TM crosses were more sensitive to irradiation than female progeny from the UF × Um and UF × TM crosses and were completely sterile when treated with either 200 Gy or 150 Gy. Treated males mated with untreated females still had a residual fertility of 0.19% when exposed to 350 Gy of radiation. The fertility of E. saccharina is therefore sensitive to increasing doses of ionizing radiation and this species is a suitable candidate for further development of the SIT as a component of an AW-IPM program. The fecundity of untreated E. saccharina females mated with irradiated males was not affected by radiation. The availability of a great number of infertile eggs can be regarded as a benefit in a program where natural enemies are combined with the SIT because non-fertile eggs can provide additional hosts for egg parasitoids and be a food source for predators.
Resumen
Machos y hembras de Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Gallerinae) criados en el laboratorio—una de las principales plagas de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.; Poales: Poaceae) en Sudáfrica—fueron expuestos a dosis crecientes de γ-radiación para evaluar si esta especie es adecuada para la técnica de los insectos estériles como parte de un programa de manejo de integrado de plagas en todo el área (MIP-TA). Polillas machos y hembras fueron irradiados y luego cruzados con sus contrapartes no irradiados y contrapartes irradiados en la misma dosis de radiación. Las polillas machos y hembras fueron tratados con dosis de radiación de 150, 200, 250, 300 y 350 Gy, y se hicieron los siguientes cruces: machos irradiados (TM) aparearon con hembras no tratadas (NTH) y hembras irradiadas (TH) apareadas con machos no tratados (NTM). Los machos y las hembras del cruce TF × TM fueron expuestos a las mismas dosis de radiación, excepto en el tratamiento de 350 Gy. La fertilidad (eclosión de los huevos) se redujo significativamente al aumentar la dosis de radiación en todos los cruces. La progenie de las hembras de los cruces de TH × NTM y de TH × TM fueron más sensibles a la irradiación de la progenie hembra de los cruces NTH × NTM y de NTH × TM y estaban completamente estéril cuando se tratan con ya sea 200 Gy o 150 Gy. Los machos tratados se aparearon con hembras no tratadas todavía tenían una fertilidad residual de 0.19% cuando fueron expuestos a 350 Gy de radiación. Entonces, la fertilidad de Eldana saccharina es sensible a dosis crecientes de radiación ionizante y es un candidato adecuado para un mayor desarrollo del componente de la TIE en un programa MIP-TA. La fecundidad de las hembras de E. saccharina no tratadas apareadas con machos irradiados no fue afectada por la radiación. La disponibilidad de un gran número de huevos infértiles puede ser considerado como un beneficio en un programa donde los enemigos naturales se combinan con la TIE porque los huevos no fértiles pueden proveer hospderos adicionales para los parasitoides de huevos y ser una fuente de alimento para los depredadores.
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