Lethal and sub-lethal effects of Beauveria bassiana (Cordycipitaceae) strain NI8 on Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Keywords:
lacewing, entomopathogenic fungus, demographic parameter, life expectancy, solid diet,Abstract
Abstract
A Mississippi Delta native strain (NI8 ARSEF8889) of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae), isolated from Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), was tested on green lacewings, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) at 4 spray concentrations (7.02 × 104, 105, 106, and 107 spores per mL) to evaluate effects on reproductive rates and adult life expectancy of this insect predator. The application method simulated atomized spray, and concentrations tested were similar to those used to measure impacts of the fungus on L. lineolaris. Significant effects of B. bassiana on C. rufilabris adults were found, and the severity of impact depended on the concentrations tested. Beauveria bassiana impacted all demographic measurements of C. rufilabris reproduction and survival. Intrinsic and finite rates of increase and gross and net reproductive rates of adults treated with the highest concentrations tested were significantly decreased, whereas doubling time increased for adults treated with the lowest test concentrations. Based on these observations, C. rufilabris will be affected by sprays of B. bassiana targeted at L. lineolaris if adults are present at the time and location of treatment. The measured lethal concentration, LC50, of 2.11 viable spores per mm2 compares to an LC50 of 2.75 spores per mm2 determined previously for L. lineolaris. Higher concentrations of spores per mm2 were required for sporulation (SR50) of the entomopathogenic fungus on C. rufilabris (13.60 viable spores per mm2) than concentrations required for mortality (LC50).
Resumen
Se hizo un bioensayo utilizando una cepa nativa del Delta del Mississippi (NI8 ARSEF8889) de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. (Cordycipitaceae), aislada de Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae), en una crisopa, Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) a 4 concentraciones de pulverización (7.02 × 104, 105, 106, and 107) esporas por mL) para evaluar su efecto sobre la tasa reproductiva y duración de la vida de los adultos de este predador de insectos. El método de aplicación simuló pulverización atomizada y las concentraciones probadas fueron similares a las utilizadas para medir el impacto del hongo en L. lineolaris. Se encontraron efectos significativos de B. bassiana en adultos de C. rufilabris y la gravedad del impacto dependió de la concentración probada. Beauveria bassiana impactó todas las medidas demográficas de la reproducción y sobrevivencia de C. rufilabris. La tasa de aumento intrínseco y finito y las tasas de reproducción bruta y neta de adultos tratados con las concentraciones de prueba más altas disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que el tiempo de duplicación aumentó para adultos tratados con las concentraciones de pruebas más bajas. Basándose en estas observaciones, C. rufilabris si será afectado por aerosoles de B. bassiana dirigidos a L. lineolaris si los adultos están presentes en el momento y lugar del tratamiento. La concentración letal medida, CL50, de 2.11 esporas viables por mm2 se compara con una CL50 de 2,75 esporas por mm2determinada previamente para L. lineolaris. Se requirieron mayores concentraciones the esporas por mm2 para la respuesta de esporulación (RS50) del hongo entomopatógeno sobre C. rufilabris (13,60 esporas viables por mm2) de las concentraciones que se necesitaron para la respuesta de mortalidad (LC50).
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