Evaluation of mass-trapping and bait stations to control Anastrepha fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in mango orchards of Chiapas, Mexico
Keywords:
Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, spinosad, sterile insect, insecticide applicationAbstract
The use of insecticide baits is one of the most common and efficient methods used worldwide to control fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). However, this strategy has been commonly associated with environmental contamination and undesirable effects on non-target organisms. The use of lure-and-kill devices called bait stations (BS) or mass trapping could be alternative control methods to overcome these ecological impacts. In this study, we evaluated different devices and attractants in comparison with ground sprays of insecticide baits for the control Anastrepha obliqua and A. ludens in mango orchards in Chiapas, Mexico. We found that a wide-mouth 2 liter plastic bottle of 12.5 cm diameter and 16.0 cm high named INIFAP, baited with Ceratrap (Bioibérica, Barcelona, Spain) at the density of 25 traps per ha was the most efficient at reducing the fruit fly populations. Our results also showed that mass trapping was highly efficient during the rainy season in comparison to ground sprays. These properties represent a great advantage considering the tropical conditions in several mango production zones around the world.
Key Words: Anastrepha ludens; Anastrepha obliqua; spinosad; sterile insect; insecticide application
Resumen
El uso de cebos con insecticidas es uno de los métodos más comunes y eficaces en diversas regiones del mundo para el control de moscas de la fruta (Diptera: Tephritidae). Sin embargo, esta estrategia ha sido cuestionada debido a la contaminación ambiental y los efectos no deseados en organismos no blanco. El uso de dispositivos de atracción y muerte llamados estaciones cebo (BS) o el trampeo masivo pueden ser métodos de control alternativos para superar estos impactos ecológicos. En este estudio se evaluaron diferentes dispositivos usados para el trampeo masivo y atrayentes en comparación con aspersiones terrestres de insecticidas cebo para el control de Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) y Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) en huertos de mango en Chiapas, México. Se encontró que el contenedor de plástico de 2 litros cebado con Cera Trap, proteína hidrolizada enzimáticamente, a una densidad de 25 trampas por hectárea fue el más eficaz en la reducción de las poblaciones de mosca de la fruta. Nuestros resultados indican que el uso de estaciones cebo puede ser tan eficaz como las aspersiones terrestres de cebo tóxico, pero superior bajo condiciones de lluvia. Lo anterior resulta de gran ventaja teniendo en cuenta las condiciones climáticas tropicales de varias zonas de producción de mango en el mundo.
Palabras Clave: Anastrepha ludens; Anastrepha obliqua; spinosad; insect estéril; aplicación terrestre de insecticidas
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