The response of Phyllophaga brevidens and Phyllophaga lenis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to methyl 2-(methylthio) benzoate and light
Keywords:
solar cell, LED, June beetles, May beetles, sugarcaneAbstract
Abstract
A sexual attractant of some Phyllophaga species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), methyl 2-(methylthio)benzoate, was studied alone and in combination with light from a solar-powered light-emitting diode (LED) to determine their comparative attraction potential for Phyllophaga species in a sugarcane crop. Four trap treatments were evaluated: sex attractant, sex attractant plus light, light alone, and a control trap without attractant or light. The number and species of Phyllophaga captured were determined over two 5 mo adult emergence periods from Mar–Jul in 2014 and 2015. Additionally, the cytochrome oxidase I (CO1) gene of the species that responded to the compound was amplified, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using those sequences and sequences found in GenBank. Two species of Phyllophaga, Phyllophaga brevidens (Bates) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Phyllophaga lenis (Horn) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), responded to the compound. The traps with sex attractant plus light treatment captured significantly more beetles than the other treatments. Our results suggest that the combination of methyl 2-(methylthio)benzoate and light can be a relatively selective method for the capture of the males of these species of agricultural importance, and it also attracts some females. Finally, analysis of the sequences of the mitochondrial CO1 gene showed that the Phyllophaga species captured with this compound were phylogenetically related.
Resumen
Se evaluó 2-(metiltio)benzoato de metilo, un atrayente sexual,de algunas especies de Phyllophaga (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), solo y en combinación con iluminación de un diodo emisor de luz (LED) impulsado por energía solar, para determinar su capacidad de atracción comparative para especies de Phyllophaga dentro del cultivo de caña de azúcar. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos de trampas: un atrayente sexual, un atrayente sexual más luz LED, solo luz y una trampa de control sin atrayente ni luz. Se determinó el numero de especies de Phyllophaga capturados por trampa en dos periodos de emergencia de los adultos, de marzo a julio del 2014 y 2015. También, se amplificó el gen COI de las especies que respondieron al compuesto y se reconstruyó un árbol filogenético utilizando estas secuencias y secuencias encontradas en el banco de genes. Dos especies del género Phyllophaga, P. brevidens (Bates) y P. lenis (Horn) respondieron al compuesto. Las trampas con atrayente más luz fue el tratamiento que capturo un mayor número de individuos en relación a los otros tratamientos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la combinación de methyl 2-(methylthio)benzoate de metilo y luz, puede ser un método selectivo para el manejo de estas especies de importancia agricola, y la capacidad de captura no solo fue de machos sino también de hembras. Finalmente, el análisis de las secuencias del gen COI de la mitocondria, muestra que las especies de Phyllophaga que han sido capturadas con este compuesto están filogenéticamente relacionadas.
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