Effect of temperature on growth, reproductive activity, and survival of the invasive bromeliad-eating weevil Metamasius callizona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)\
Keywords:
Florida, Tillandsia, optimal temperature range, development threshold, degree dayAbstract
Growth, oviposition, and survival rates of the bromeliad-eating weevil Metamasius callizona (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were measured at a range of temperatures to determine optimal temperature range, lower and upper development thresholds, and degree-days needed for development of immature stages. Optimal temperature range for growth was 25 to 30 °C and for oviposition 22 to 33 °C. The lower development threshold was 13 °C and upper threshold about 35 °C. Development of the egg and larval stages required 518 degree-days, and from pupation to adult 140 degree-days. Adult weevils suffered higher mortality at 35 °C than at 25 or 16 °C. Typical winter conditions likely have at most a minimal effect on eevil populations in central Florida and no effect in southern Florida. As well, high summer temperatures could potentially cause weevil mortality due to heat stupor but, as with winter temperatures, the effects would be minimal. Extremely cold winters and extremely high summer temperatures may cause high weevil mortality, particularly in central Florida. Sea breezes on the east coast of Florida may create cooler habitats during the summer and therefore ameliorate mortality due to summer temperatures.
Resumen
Se midieron la tasas de crecimiento, oviposición y sobrevivencia del picudo Metamasius callizona (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) a un rango de temperaturas para determinar el rango de temperaturas óptimas, umbrales inferior y superior para desarrollo y los días-grados que se requieren para el desarrollo de los estados inmaduros. El rango de temperaturas óptimas para crecimiento fue 25-30 °C and para oviposición 22-33 °C. El umbral inferior para desarrollo fue 13 °C y el umbral superior fue aproximadamente 35 °C. Se requieren 518 días-grados para cumplir el desarrollo del huevo + larva y 140 días-grados para cumplir la etapa de pupa. Picudos adultos sufrieron mayor mortalidad a 35 °C que a 25 o 16 °C. Condiciones típicas durante el invierno probablemente tienen a lo más un efecto mínimo las poblaciones del picudo en Florida central solamente y ningún efecto en el sur de Florida. Asimismo, las altas temperaturas de verano potencialmente pueden causar mortalidad debido a estupor de calor pero, como las temperaturas en invierno, los efectos serían mínimos. Inviernos extremadamente fríos y temperaturas extremadamente altas en verano podrían causar mayores tasas de mortalidad de picudos, especialmente en Florida central. Brisas marinas en la costa oriental de Florida posiblemente crean habitats más frescos durante el verano y por lo tanto aliviar la mortalidad debido a temperaturas de verano.
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