Effect of substrate voltage on EPG recordings of ingestion and probing behavior in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Keywords:
experimental design, multivariate analysis, host plantAbstract
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is a major pest of citrus production because it is the vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae), which causes Asiatic huanglongbing, a devastating disease of citrus. Understanding the probing and ingestion behavior of the vector is important in understanding pathogen transmission and possible strategies to reduce disease incidence. We assessed the feeding behavior in D. citri by using electropenetrography, wherein a small electric current is passed through the insect. Changes in circuit voltage are recorded, and patterns of voltage changes are subsequently correlated with specific behaviors. However, different laboratories use different equipment with varying applied voltages. It is axiomatic that there will be some voltage at which there will be a change in the behavior of the insect. Current equipment has a range from 0 to 1300 mV, but studies where voltage was reported were in the range from 20 to 600 mV. The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral response of D. citri to voltages in this range. Our results demonstrated that 600 mV DC with an input impedance of 109 ohms was below the threshold where D. citri’s feeding behaviors were affected. Thus, the outcomes of past studies using different voltages should not have been affected. However, in the present study, we did find that choice of host plant altered D. citri’s feeding behavior; thus, it would be beneficial to standardize the host plant if you were studying the effects of non-host factors that may influence feeding, such as insecticides, interspecific competition, or abiotic conditions.
Resumen
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) es una plaga importante de la producción de cítricos, ya que es el vector de Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae), lo que provoca Huanglongbing, una enfermedad devastadora de los cítricos. El entender del comportamiento de prueba y la ingestión del vector es importante en entender la transmisión de patógenos y las posibles estrategias para reducir la incidencia de la enfermedad. Se evaluó el comportamiento de alimentación de D. citri mediante el uso de electropenetrografia (EPG), en el que una pequeña corriente eléctrica pasa a través del insecto. Los cambios en la tensión del circuito se registran y los patrones de cambios de voltaje son posteriormente correlacionados con comportamientos específicos. Sin embargo, diferentes laboratorios utilizan diferentes equipos con diferentes voltajes aplicados. Es axiomático que habrá algo de tensión a la que habrá un cambio en el comportamiento del insecto. el equipo actual tiene un rango de 0 a 1300 mV, pero los estudios en los que se informó de tensión estuvo en el intervalo de 20 a 600 mV. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar la respuesta de comportamiento de D. citri a voltajes en este rango. Nuestros resultados demuestran que 600 mV CC con una impedancia de entrada de 109 ohmios estuvo por debajo del umbral en el que se vieron afectado el comportamientos de alimentación de D. citri. Por lo tanto, los resultados de estudios anteriores que utilizan diferentes voltajes no deben haber sido afectados. Sin embargo, en el presente estudio, encontramos que la elección de la planta hospedera alteró el comportamiento de alimentación de D. citri; por lo tanto, sería beneficioso para estandarizar la planta hospedera cuando se estudia los efectos de los factores no-hospederos que pueden influir la alimentación, tales como insecticidas, la competencia entre especies, o condiciones abióticas.
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