Effect of temperature on functional response of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitizing Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Keywords:
biological control, Holling’s disc model, Roger’s random parasitoid model, sweet pepper, ChinaAbstract
Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a common parasitoid of aphids including the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). To maximize the use of A. gifuensis for biological control of M. persicae, the functional response of A. gifuensis using M. persicae as a host was determined at 4 constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30 °C) and 20 host densities (5, 10, 15, increased incrementally by 5, to a maximum of 100) on a 6-leaf sweet pepper plant (30 cm in height) over a 24 h period. Roger’s random parasitoid equation (RRPE) and Holling’s disc equation (HDE) were used to fit the data. The results showed that functional responses at all temperatures were type II, and the instantaneous attack rate (a) in both models increased as temperature increased from 15 to 25 °C and then decreased at 30 °C. The highest instantaneous attack rate (a) for A. gifuensis was at 25 °C for the 2 models, 1.3203 ± 0.0415 d−1 for HDE and 4.295e+03 d−1 for RRPE. The handling time (Th) for A. gifuensis by HDE was between 0.0105 ± 0.0002 d at 20 °C and 0.0214 ± 0.0009 d at 30 °C and by RRPE was between 1.265e−02 ± 3.808e−04 d at 20 °C and 0.0218 ± 0.0010 d at 30 °C. Aphidius gifuensis achieved its highest parasitism rate at medium temperatures. The results from this study showed that A. gifuensis performed best at 20 °C, suggesting that this parasitoid will be more effective as a biological control agent for M. persicae when the temperature is under 30 °C.
Resumen
Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) es uno de los parásitos comunes de áfidos, entre los que se incluye el áfido verde del melocotón, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Para potenciar el uso de A. gifuensis como control biológico de M. persicae, se determinó la respuesta funcional de A. gifuensis utilizando M. persicae como hospedador a cuatro temperaturas constantes (15, 20, 25 y 30 °C) y 20 densidades de hospedador (5, 10, 15, aumentó gradualmente por 5, a un máximo de 100) en una planta de pimiento dulce de 6 hojas (30 cm de altura) durante un periodo de 24 horas. Se utilizaron el modelo de parásito aleatorio de Roger y el modelo de disco de Holling para ajustar los datos. Los resultados mostraron que las respuestas funcionales en todas las temperaturas fueron de tipo II y los resultados mostraron que la tasa de ataque instantáneo (a) en ambos modelos incrementó a medida que la temperatura incrementaba desde 15 a 25 °C y después disminuyó a 30 °C. La tasa más alta de ataque instantáneo para A. gifuensis se obtuvo a 25 °C en ambos modelos, 1.3203 ± 0.0415 día−1 por el modelo de disco de Holling y 4.295e+03 día−1 por el modelo de Roger. El tiempo de manipulación (Th) para A. gifuensis por el modelo de Holling fue entre 0.0105 ± 0.0002 día a 20 °C y 0.0214 ± 0.0009 día a 30 °C y por el modelo de Roger fue entre 1.265e−02 ± 3.808e−04 día a 20 °C y 0.0218 ± 0.0010 día a 30 °C. Aphidius gifuensis logró la tasa de parasitismo más alta a temperaturas medias. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que A. gifuensis actuó mejor a 20 °C, lo que sugiere que este parásito puede ser más efectivo como control biológico de M. persicae cuando la temperatura es inferior a 30 °C.
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