The nutritional ecology of Dectes texanus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Does host choice affect the macronutrient levels in overwintering larvae?

Authors

  • Jodi J. Rowland Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63048, USA
  • Kelly V. Tindall Delta Research Center, University of Missouri, Portageville, Missouri 63873, USA Present address: DuPont Pioneer Hi-Bred, Union City, Tennessee 38261, USA
  • Kent Fothergill Delta Research Center, University of Missouri, Portageville, Missouri 63873, USA
  • Timothy M. Judd Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63048, USA

Keywords:

soybean, sunflower, nutrition, diapause

Abstract

Dectes texanus LeConte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a stem-boring cerambycid that is an agricultural pest of soybean and cultivated sunflower. For D. texanus, cultivated sunflower is thought to be nutritionally superior to soybean and preferred over soybean. This study compared the macronutrient levels in overwintering larvae and the pith of the host plants to determine if soybean is an inferior host. The levels of total protein, total carbohydrates, and total lipids were measured in larvae from sunflower and soybean; larval head capsule width and larval mass also were compared. There were no differences between levels of total protein and total carbohydrates per unit mass between larvae from the 2 hosts; however, larvae from sunflower had significantly higher levels of lipids than larvae from soybean. A comparison of head capsule width indicated that larvae from soybean had significantly larger head capsule widths than those from sunflower, suggesting that soybean-fed larvae were larger or were in a later instar. Larvae from soybean and sunflower did not have significantly different masses, unlike what was found in pupae in previous studies. Soybean pith had significantly higher protein and carbohydrate levels whereas sunflower pith had a significantly higher level of lipids. The results suggest that the nutritional differences between the 2 host plants did affect the nutritional content and possibly growth or development rates in D. texanus before diapause.

 

Resumen

 

Dectes texanus Leconte (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) es un cerambícido barrendador del tallo que es plaga agricola de la soja y el girasol cultivado. Para D. texanus, se cree que el girasol cultivado es nutricionalmente superior a la soja y preferible a la soja. Este estudio comparó los niveles de macronutrientes en la hibernación de las larvas y la médula de las plantas hospederas para determinar si la soja es un hospedero inferior. Se midieron el nivel de proteína total, el total de carbohidratos y los lípidos totales en las larvas de girasol y soja; también se compararon el ancho de la cápsula de la cabeza y la masa de las larvas. No hubo diferencias entre los niveles de proteínas totales y carbohidratos totales por unidad de masa entre las larvas de los 2 hospederos; sin embargo, las larvas que se alimentaron de girasol tenían niveles significativamente más altos de lípidos que las larvas sobre la soja. Una comparación de la anchura de la cápsula cefálica indico que las larvas sobre la soja tuvo la cápsula de la cabeza significativamente más grande que las larvas sobre el girasol, lo que sugiere que las larvas alimentadas con soja son más grandes o fueron de un estadio de mayor edad. Las larvas sobre la soja y el girasol no tenían significativamente diferentes masas, a diferencia de lo que se encontró en pupas en estudios previos. La médula de soja tenían niveles de proteína y carbohidratos significativamente más altos, mientras que la médula girasol tenía un nivel significativamente más alto de lípidos. Los resultados sugieren que las diferencias nutricionales entre las 2 plantas hospederas afectaron el contenido nutricional y, posiblemente, las tasas de crecimiento o desarrollo de D. texanus antes de la diapausa.

 

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Author Biography

Timothy M. Judd, Department of Biology, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri 63048, USA

Professor in the Department of Biology

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Published

2015-12-30

Issue

Section

Research Papers