Host plant resistance in cultivated jute and its wild relatives towards jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)
Keywords:
jute hairy caterpillar, jute species, oviposition, feeding behavior, biology, biochemical contentAbstract
The oviposition, feeding behavior, and development of the jute hairy caterpillar Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was studied on one cultivated jute species, Corchorus olitorius L. (‘JRO-204’) (Malvales: Malvaceae), and 5 wild jute species, viz., C. tridens L., C. trilocularis L., C. pseudo-olitorius Islam & Zaid, C. aestuans L., and C. fascicularis Lamarck under laboratory conditions with a temperature of 27 ± 2 °C and relative humidity of 80 ± 5%. These host plant species had considerable influence on oviposition, larval feeding behavior, larval survival, larval weight, pupation, pupal weight, and adult emergence. Significant differences were observed in oviposition preference based on numbers of eggs laid by the adults. The mean number of egg clusters differed significantly with 3.6 ± 0.3, 3.0 ± 0.6, 3.3 ± 0.3, 3.0 ± 0.6, 1.0 ± 0.6, and 2.0 ± 1.2 on C. olitorius, C. fascicularis, C. trilocularis, C. pseudo-olitorius, C. tridens, and C. aestuans, respectively. The C. pseudo-olitorius and C. aestuans were less preferred with the lowest mean numbers of eggs per cluster (77.2 ± 8.2 and 75.2 ± 38.8, respectively) compared with 174.0 ± 2.7 on C. olitorius. With respect to feeding preferences, most larvae (53.9 ± 3.4%) preferred C. olitorius as compared with 1.6 ± 0.02% and 7.2 ± 1.5% of larvae feeding on C. aestuans and C. tridens, respectively. Only 2 species, namely C. trilocularis and C. olitorius, supported complete larval development. The growth of 3rd instars indicated a maximum antibiosis effect by C. tridens and C. aestuans on S. obliqua. Total protein content in the host plants had a significant positive correlation with the larval survival, weight, pupation, and adult emergence of S. obliqua, whereas polyphenol oxidase and total phenol were negatively correlated. The effect of wild jute species with higher phenol and peroxidase as host plants manifested adversely on larval development, growth, survival, pupation, and adult emergence, which indicates the antibiosis mechanism of resistance.
Resumen
Se estudiaron la oviposición, el comportamiento de alimentación y la biología del gusano peludo de Bihar, Spilosoma obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) sobre una especie cultivada de yute, Corchorus olitorius (cv ‘ROJ-204’.) (Malvales: Malvaceae) y cinco especies silvestres de yute, C. tridens, C. trilocularis, C. pseudo-olitorius, C. aestuans y C. fascicularis, bajo condiciones de laboratorio de 27 ± 2 °C y 80 ± 5% humedad relativa. Estas especies de plantas hospederas mostraron una influencia considerable sobre la oviposición, el comportamiento de alimentación de las larvas, la sobrevivencia de las larvas, el peso, el estadio de pupa, el peso pupal y la emergencia de los adultos. Se observó un efecto significativo para la preferencia de oviposición basado en el número de huevos/grupo puestos por los adultos. El promedio del numero de grupos de huevos varia significantemente con 3.6 ± 0.3, 3.0 ± 0.6, 3.3 ± 0.3, 3.0 ± 0.6, 1.0 ± 0.6 y 2.0 ± 1.2 sobre C. olitorius, C. fascicularis, C. trilocularis, C. pseudo-olitorius, C. tridens y C. aestuans, respectivamente. Corchorus pseudo-olitorius y C. aestuans fueron los menos preferidos con un promedio menor del número de huevos/grupo, 77.22 ± 8.19 y 75.16 ± 38.80, respectivamente, en comparación con 173.97 ± 2.69 en C. oliotorius. Con respecto a las preferencias de alimentación de las larvas, la mayoria de las larvas (53.88 ± 3.38%) prefieren C. olitorius en comparación con 1.64 ± 0.02% y 7.22 ± 1.47% de larvas sobre C. aestuans y C. tridens, respectivamente. Solamente dos especies, C. trilocularis y C. olitorius, apoyaron el desarrollo completo de las larvas. El crecimiento de larvas del tercer estadio indica el máximo efecto de antibiosis de C. tridens y C. aestuans en S. obliqua. El contenido total de proteína en las plantas hospederas tenía una correlación positiva significativa en apoyar la sobrevivencia de las larvas, el peso, la pupación y la emergencia de adultos de S. obliqua; mientras que el polifenol oxidasa y fenol total se correlacionaron negativamente. El efecto de las especies silvestres de yute con una cantidad mayor de fenol y peroxidasa como plantas hospederas manifiesta negativamente en el desarrollo de las larvas, el crecimiento, la sobrevivencia, la pupación y emergencia de los adultos que indica el mecanismo de antibiosis de la resistencia.
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