A revised calculation method for correcting population density in the field: a case of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Authors

  • Changying Zheng Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
  • Fangmeng Duan Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
  • Sifang Wang Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
  • Lijuan Sun Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
  • Shujian Sun Plant Protection Station, Laiyang City Agricultural Bureau, Shandong, Laiyang 265200, People’s Republic of China
  • Songdong Gu Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China
  • Zhengdong Liu Plant Protection Station, Yishui City Agricultural Bureau, Shandong, Yishui 276400, People’s Republic of China
  • Fang-Hao Wan Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China
  • Changpeng Shen Agronomy and Plant Protection College, Qingdao Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266109, People’s Republic of China

Keywords:

natural population life table, diamondback moth, temperature, duration, evaluation, control effectiveness

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a revised model to estimate the corrected initial number of each life stage in field life tables of insect pest populations, with a case example of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). To validate our revised model, we used life table data of P. xylostella from 9 field surveys conducted by the corresponding author in 1996. In these surveys, P. xylostella infestations had been monitored in fields of flowering Chinese cabbage, long white radish, butter cabbage, Shanghai pak choi, and Chinese kale to investigate the impact of different pest management methods on the pest populations. In the past, the numbers of individuals per life stage on any given sampling date were calculated based on sampling data of that particular date and an average temperature determined for the entire sampling period. In several cases, this ap­proach produced unrealistic survival rates (above 100%) for certain life stages in the resulting life tables. This problem continued even after the model was adjusted by calculating the duration of each life stage based on the actual temperature measured on each sampling date (instead of using one average temperature for the entire period). With temperature being an important factor that (i) affects the development time of insect life stages and (ii) can be determined easily during field surveys, we previously hypothesized that including corrected initial numbers of each life stage on each sampling date based on an average of the temperature between the given sampling date and its preceding sampling date will result in realistic and precise life tables. Furthermore, to estimate accurate survival rates, we here hypothesized that (i) it is important to adjust and correct the numbers of life stages on a given sampling date by including the numbers of preceding life stages from a preceding sampling date (not from the given sampling date) in the model; and (ii) the development time of the preceding life stage will determine which sampling date needs to be included in the calcula­tion. By re-constructing and comparing 9 life tables of P. xylostella populations according to the previous and the revised new model, we confirmed these hypotheses. The revised model will allow a precise and realistic evaluation of control efforts against diamondback moth and other insect pest infestations in agriculture.

 

Resumen

En este trabajo, presentamos un modelo revisado para estimar el correcto número inicial de cada estadio de vida en una tabla de vida de poblaciones de plagas de insectos en el campo, con el ejemplo del caso de la polilla de la col, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepi­doptera: Plutellidae). Para validar nuestro modelo revisado, se utilizaron datos de la tabla de vida de P. xylostella en 9 estudios de campo realizados por el autor durante 1996. En estos sondeos, las infestaciones de P. xylostella fueron controladas en los campos de repollo chino en floración, rábano blanco largo, repollo de mantequilla, pak choi de Shanghai, y col crespa de china para investigar el impacto de los diferentes métodos de manejo de plagas en poblaciones plaga. En el pasado, se calculaban el número de individuos por cada estadio de la vida en la fecha de muestreo determinada, basándose en los datos de muestreo de esa fecha en particular y el promedio de la temperatura determinado para todo el periodo de muestreo. En varios casos, este enfoque produce tasas de so­brevivencia poco realistas (por encima de 100%) para ciertas estadios de vida en las tablas de mortalidad resultantes. Este problema continuó incluso después de que el modelo se ajustó mediante el cálculo de la duración de cada estadio de la vida sobre la base de la temperatura real medida en cada fecha de muestreo (en lugar de utilizar el promedio de la temperatura durante todo el período). Debido a que la temperatura es un factor importante que (i) afecta el tiempo de desarrollo de los estadios de la vida de los insectos y (ii) se puede determinar fácilmente durante los estudios de campo, como anteriormente hipótizaba que la inclusión de números correctos iniciales de cada estadio de la vida para cada fecha del muestreo basado en el promedio de la temperatura entre la fecha de muestreo y la fecha de muestreo anterior resultará en una tabla de vida realista y precisa. Además, para estimar la tasa de so­brevivencia precisa, de ahi la hipótesis de que es importante para ajustar y corregir el número de estadios de la vida en una fecha de muestreo dada incluyendo el número en cada estadio de la vida anteriores al partir de la fecha del muestreo anterior (no desde la fecha de muestreo dado) en el modelo. Al re-construir y comparar 9 tablas de vida de las poblaciones de P. xylostella de acuerdo con lo anterior y el nuevo modelo revisado, hemos confirmado esta hipótesis. El modelo revisado permitirá una evaluación precisa y realista de las actividades de lucha contra la polilla de la col y otras infestaciones de plagas de insectos en la agricultura.

 

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