Types and functions of mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) antennal and palpal sensilla
Keywords:
Scapteriscus, chemoreception, sensilla, palp, SEM, TEMAbstract
Invasive mole crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscus spp.) are destructive subterranean pests that cause significant economic losses for the turfgrass, sod and pasture industries. Their behavior suggests that they may sense insecticides applied to the soil, so we sought to examine and describe the antennal and palpal structures of S. vicinis Scudder, S. borellii Giglio-Tos, S. abbreviatus Scudder, and the native mole cricket, Neocurtilla hexadactyla Perty, by scanning and transmission electron micrography. The most abundant sensilla were antennal sensilla chaetica with mechanoreceptory and contact chemoreceptory functions. Each segment had olfactory sensilla basioconica and sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica (with olfactory and thermo-hydroreceptory functions), and sensilla campaniformia (proprioreceptor). Sensilla on the mole cricket palps were non-pore or tip-pore, which suggests mechanoreceptory and contact chemoreceptory functions. Similar to other hemimetaboulous insects, mole cricket nymphs and adults have the same sensilla types. However, the number and size of antennomeres increased with each molt, allowing the antennae to accommodate more sensory sensilla as insects matured.
Resumen
Los grillotopos invasivos (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae: Scapteriscus spp.) son plagas subterráneas destructivas que causan pérdidas económicas importantes para las industrias de césped, césped para transplantar y pasto. Su comportamiento sugiere que pueden sentir los insecticidas aplicados al suelo, por lo que quisimos examinar y describir las estructuras de las antenas y palpos de S. vicinis Scudder, S. borellii Giglio-Tos, S. abbreviatus Scudder, y el grillotopo nativo, Neocurtilla hexadactyla Perty, por medio de la micrografía electrónica de barrido y de transmisión. Las sensillas antenales más abundantes fueron de sensilla chaetica con funciones de recepción mecánica y de recepción química de contacto. Cada segmento tenía sensilas olfativas sensilla basioconica y sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica (con funciones olfativas y receptorias hidrotermales) y sensilla campaniformes (proprioreceptor). Las sensillas en los palpos de los grillotopos fueron de tipo sin poro o de poros en la punta, lo que sugiere funciones de recepción mecánica y de recepción química de contacto. Al igual que otros insectos hemimetábulos, las ninfas y adultos de los grillotopos tienen los mismos tipos de sensillas. Sin embargo, el número y tamaño de los antenómeros aumentaron con cada muda, permitiendo que las antenas pueden acomodar más sensillas sensoriales mientras que los insectos van madurando.
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