Antixenosis and tolerance to Diabrotica speciosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in common bean cultivars
Keywords:
Phaseolus vulgaris L., pest management, host plant resistance, non-preference, leaf beetle, corn rootwormAbstract
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a polyphagous insect pest that attacks several crops of agricultural importance including common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; Fabales: Fabaceae). Diabrotica speciosa larvae feed on the plant root system whereas the adults are leaf defoliators. Diabrotica speciosa control relies mainly on pesticide applications resulting in ecosystem contamination and other problems. This research aimed to identify common bean cultivars that express antixenosis to D. speciosa adult feeding and/or tolerance to larval injury, as well as to determine the resistance levels of the cultivars. To evaluate antixenosis, 10 common bean cultivars were tested for D. speciosa adult feeding preference in free-choice and no-choice tests. The cultivars were ‘IAC-Una’, ‘Diamante Negro’, ‘IAC-Diplomata’, ‘FT-Nobre’, ‘Ônix’, ‘IAC-Uirapuru’, ‘IPR-Tiziu’, ‘BRS-Explendor’, ‘IAC-Maravilha’ and ‘BRS-Supremo’. Then, 6 cultivars were selected from the adult feeding assay and used in tests that assessed their tolerance to injury by D. speciosa larvae. In the free-choice test, the cultivars ‘IAC-Una’ and ‘IAC-Uirapuru’ were the least preferred by D. speciosa adults for feeding, whereas the cultivars ‘IAC-Diplomata’ and ‘Ônix’ were the least preferred in the no-choice test. The ‘Ônix’ and the ‘IAC-Una’ cultivars had the lowest reductions in plant height and dry weight of the aerial part after injury by D. speciosa larvae; the cultivars ‘BRS-Explendor’ and ‘IAC-Diplomata’ had intermediate reduction percentages; and the other cultivars were susceptible to injury by D. speciosa larvae. Field studies should evaluate the performance of the cultivar ‘Ônix’ infested with adults and larvae of D. speciosa in order to confirm the promising results obtained in the current study under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.
Resumen
Diabrotica speciosa (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) es un crisomelido polífago, que causa daño a varios cultivos, como el frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Las larvas atacan el sistema radicular, mientras que los adultos se alimentan de las hojas de las plantas de frijol. Para controlar esta plaga, los plaguicidas se aplican cada año, contaminando las aguas subterráneas, ríos y muchos otros ambientes. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los cultivares de frijol, que expresan resistencia de antixenosis contra la alimentación de los adultos y larvas de D. speciosa, y / o tolerancia al ataque de las larvas; y para determinar el nivel de resistencia o tolerancia involucradas. Para la prueba de antixenosis a los adultos, se utilizaron las siguientes 10 variedades de frijol con 10 repeticiones: ‘IAC-Una’, ‘Diamante Negro’, ‘IAC-Diplomata’, ‘FT-Nobre’, ‘IAC-Uirapuru’, ‘IPR-Tiziu’,’ BRS-Explendor ‘,’ IAC-Maravilha ‘, y’ BRS-Supremo ‘. En los ensayos de antixenosis y la tolerancia de los cultivares de frijol al ataque de larvas de D. speciosa, se seleccionaron 6 cultivares, con 5 y 10 repeticiones, respectivamente. Un diseño completamente al azar fue adoptado para todas las pruebas, excepto en la prueba antixenosis de alimentación de las larvas. En una prueba antixenosis de libre elección de alimentos para los adultos, ‘IAC-Una’ y ‘IAC-Uirapuru’ fueron moderadamente resistentes. En una prueba antixenosis no-elección, los cultivares ‘IAC-Diplomata’ y ‘Onix’ manifiestan una resistencia moderada a la alimentación de los escarabajos. En el experimento de tolerancia, los cultivares ‘Onix’ y ‘IAC-Una’ sufrio una pequeña reducción en los porcentajes de la altura y peso seco de la parte aérea; ‘BRS-Explendor’ y ‘IAC-Diplomata’ sufrio una reducción intermedia en los porcentajes y los otros cultivares fueron susceptibles. Los estudios de campo deben evaluar el rendimiento del cultivar ‘Onix’ infestada de adultos y larvas de D. speciosa con el fin de confirmar los prometedores resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio en condiciones de laboratorio y de invernadero.
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