Evaluation of food lures for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) captured in a citrus orchard of the Serra Gaúcha
Keywords:
Anastrepha fraterculus, hydrolyzed protein, McPhail, monitoringAbstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 5 food lures for fruit fly monitoring in citrus orchards in the municipality of Pinto Bandeira, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, from Nov 2012 to Oct 2013. Food lures included: 1) CeraTrap™ (undiluted), 2) Torula™ (6 tablets of 3 g/L), 3) BioAnastrepha (5%), 4) 10% corn syrup, and 5) 25% red grape juice (control). The lures were replaced weekly with the exception of CeraTrap™, which was replaced every 45 d. McPhail traps were baited with 300 mL of each food lure, and the traps were placed 10 m apart at the edge of the orchard. Traps were rotated weekly to prevent any bias in treatment location. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) was the species with the greatest mean number of fruit fly adults per trap per day (FTD), with 7.8, 2.8, 2.6, 1.7, and 0.9 FTD for the food lures CeraTrap™, Torula™, BioAnastrepha, corn syrup, and grape juice, respectively. CeraTrap™ lured A. fraterculus in amounts above the economic threshold (0.5 FTD) over 73% of the study period, whereas Torula™, BioAnastrepha, corn syrup, and grape juice lured A. fraterculus in amounts above the control level for 28, 20, 11, and 6% of the study period, respectively. Thus, the hydrolyzed protein CeraTrap™ showed the highest efficacy for fruit fly monitoring in the citrus orchard.
Resumo
Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de cinco atrativos alimentares para o monitoramento de moscas-das-frutas em pomar de citros no município de Pinto Bandeira, RS, de novembro de 2012 a outubro de 2013. Avaliou-se os atrativos alimentares: CeraTrap® (sem diluição), Torula® (6 pastilhas de 3 g/L), BioAnastrepha (a 5%), glicose de milho (a 10%) e suco de uva tinto (a 25%) como testemunha. Os atrativos foram trocados semanalmente, exceto CeraTrap® trocado a cada 45 dias. Os atrativos foram dispostos no interior de armadilhas McPhail em um volume de 300 mL por armadilha, distanciadas 10 metros entre si nas bordas do pomar. As capturas foram avaliadas e as armadilhas rotacionadas semanalmente. Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) foi a espécie que apresentou o maior número médio de adultos de moscas-das-frutas/armadilha/dia (MAD) capturados com 7,8, 2,8, 2,6, 1,7 e 0,9 MAD para os atrativos CeraTrap®, Torula®, BioAnastrepha, glicose e suco de uva, respectivamente. CeraTrap® indicou a presença de A. fraterculus acima do nível de controle (0,5 MAD) ao longo de 73% do período de estudo, diferindo de Torula®, BioAnastrepha, glicose e suco de uva com 28, 20, 11 e 6%, respectivamente. A proteína hidrolisada CeraTrap® apresenta maior eficiência para o monitoramento de mosca-das-frutas em pomar de citros.
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