Diversity of Hemiptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) and their natural enemies on Caryocar brasiliense (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian Cerrado
Keywords:
aphid, leafhopper, mealybug, predator, pequiAbstract
The Cerrado occupies about 23% of the Brazilian territory and is characterized by great diversity of plants and insects and a great degree of endemism, and Caryocar brasiliense A. St.-Hil. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) is widely distributed in this region. The diversity and abundance of hemipterans and their natural enemies were studied on trees of C. brasiliense in the Cerrado, pasture, and anthropic area in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. We observed 1 rare, 8 common, and 1 frequent species of sucking insects; and 2 rare, 7 common, and 6 frequent species of natural enemies. Sucking insects and their natural enemies were most abundant in the pasture and least abundant in the Cerrado. Increasing diversity indices and numbers of species and individuals of sucking insects were followed by similar trends in the populations of natural enemies. Increasing populations of sucking insects led to greater numbers of individuals of ants, green lacewings, predator thrips, and ladybeetles. Aluminum level positively affected the number of species and individuals, and the pH of the soil reduced those of sucking insects. Leafhoppers had greater numbers on plants on soils with low pH values and high aluminum levels, but the opposite was noted for the aphids.
Resumen
Lo Cerrado ocupa alrededor del 23% del territorio brasileño y se caracteriza por una gran diversidad de plantas y de insectos y un alto grado de endemismo, y Caryocar brasiliense A. St.-Hil. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) está ampliamente distribuido en esta región. La diversidad y abundancia de Hemiptera y sus enemigos naturales fueron estudiados en los árboles de C. brasiliense en el Cerrado, pastos, y en el área antrópica, en Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Una rara, ocho comunes, y una especie constantes de los insectos chupadores, y dos raros, siete comunes, y seis especies constantes de enemigos naturales fueron observados. Insectos chupadores y enemigos naturales fueron más abundantes en los pastos y menos abundantes en el Cerrado. Mayor número de especies de insectos chupadores y sus enemigos naturales fueron encontrados en el pasto que en el Cerrado. El aumento de índice de diversidad, número de especies y individuos de insectos chupadores fueron seguidos por un comportamiento similar de los enemigos naturales. El aumento de las poblaciones de insectos chupadores condujeron a un mayor número de individuos de hormigas, crisopa verde, depredadores de trips y mariquitas. Nivel de aluminio afectó positivamente el número de especies e individuos, y el pH del suelo reduce las de los insectos chupadores. Las chicharritas había un mayor número de plantas sobre suelos con un pH más bajo y el nivel de aluminio superior, sino todo lo contrario se observó para los pulgones.
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