Parasitism and emergence of Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae, pupae and adults
Keywords:
biological control, larval and pupal parasitoid, sugarcane, sugarcane borerAbstract
Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizes the larvae, pupae and adults of Diatraea saccharalis, and therefore seems to be a suitable candidate for the biological control of D. saccharalis in commercial sugarcane in Brazil and other industries where this stem borer is an important pest. The aim of our study was to analyze the biological characteristics of this natural enemy on sugarcane borer. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology/Biological Control (LECOBIOL) at the “Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias” of the “Universidade da Grande Dourados (UFGD)” in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Ten of each of the following life stages: 24-h old egg masses, fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults of D. saccharalis were isolated and exposed to parasitism by seven T. howardi parasitoids females. Parasitism rates by T. howardi of the adult, fifth instar larva and pupal stages of D. saccharalis were 2%, 56% to 68%, respectively. Emergence rates of 14%, 100% and 100% were recorded for adult, fifth instar larvae, and adults, respectively. The duration of each life cycle (egg to adult) of T. howardi on the pupae, fifth instar larvae and adults of D. saccharalis were 20 ± 0.03, 27.00 ± 0.01, 33 ± 0.00 days, respectively. Fecundity and the female-based sex ratio of T. howardi were greatest in the pupae of D. saccharalis, at 70.44 ± 5.22 and 0.85 ± 0.41, respectively. Parasitism and the emergence of T. howardi from the fifth instar larvae, pupae and adults of D. saccharalis revealed the ability of this natural enemy to establish itself in culture, even in the absence of host pupae.
Sumário
Tetrastichus howardi Olliff (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasita larvas, pupas e adultos de D. saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), e, portanto, parece ser um candidato adequado para o controle biológico de D. saccharalis em plantios comerciais de cana-de-açúcar do Brasil e outras indústrias onde a broca do caule é uma importante praga. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi analisar as características biológicas desse inimigo natural na broca da cana-de-açúcar. A pesquisa foi realizada no Laboratório de Entomologia/Controle Biológico (LECOBIOL) na “Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias” da “Universidade da Grande Dourados (UFGD )”, em Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Dez de cada uma das seguintes fases da vida: massas de ovos com 24 horas de idade, larvas de quinto instar, pupas e adultos de D. saccharalis foram isoladas e expostas ao parasitismo por sete fêmeas de T. howardi. A taxa de parasitismo por T. howardi em adulto, a larva de quinto estádio e pupa de D. saccharalis foram de 2 %, 56 % e 68 %, respectivamente. As taxas de emergência foram de 14 %, 100% e 100% para adultos, larvas de quinto ínstar e pupas de D. saccharalis, respectivamente. A duração de cada ciclo de vida (ovo a adulto) de T. howardi em pupa, as larvas quinto ínstar e adultos de D. saccharalis foram de 20 ± 0,03, 27,00 ± 0,01, 33 ± 0,00 dias, respectivamente. A progênie e razão sexual de T. howardi foram maiores em pupas de D. saccharalis com 70,44 ± 5,22 e 0,85 ± 0,41, respectivamente. O parasitismo e a emergência de T. howardi em larvas de quinto ínstar, pupas e adultos de D. saccharalis revelam a capacidade, desse inimigo natural, em se estabelecer na cultura, mesmo com ausência as pupas hospedeiras.
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