Morphological and molecular identification of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Yunnan, China
Keywords:
papaya mealybug, morphological characterization, molecular identification, ChinaAbstract
The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), highly polyphagous and now widespread, was discovered in Mengla County, Yunnan Province, China. The present study is aimed at confirming the identity of P. marginatus in mainland China based on its morphology and using molecular methods. Mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidase I (CO-I) were sequenced from 2 samples of P. marginatus. Homologous DNA sequences of P. marginatus, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley and Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)—as an outgroup—were downloaded from Gen Bank. The morphology of putative P. marginatus specimens was examined using the same specimens as were subsequently used for the molecular study. Key morphological traits are described and illustrated. A 746 bp fragment of the CO-I was analyzed for the identification of P. marginatus. A phylogenetic tree was generated with the DNA sequences of all the mealybug species used in this study. The tree included 2 distinct clades: one consisting of the samples of P. marginatus and the other consisting of P. solenopsis. The phylogenetic tree and the sequences indicated that P. marginatus collected on papaya had 99% similarity with the other 3 accessions found through the BLAST search. Identification information may help strengthen quarantine programs to protect agroforestry production and maintain the ecological balance in China.
La cochinilla de la papaya, Paracoccus marginatus Williams y Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), altamente polífaga y ahora generalizada, fue descubierta en el Condado de Mengla, Provincia de Yunnan, China. El objetivo del estudio presente es confirmar la identidad de P. marginatus en la China continental en base a su morfología y el uso de métodos moleculares. Los genes mitocondriales para citocromo oxidasa I (CO-I) fueron secuenciados de 2 muestras de P. marginatus. Las secuencias de ADN homólogas de P. marginatus, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley y Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae)—como un grupo externo—fueron descargados de Gen Bank. Se examinó la morfología de los especimenes de las P. marginatus putativas utilizando las mismas muestras que se utilizaron posteriormente para el estudio molecular. Se describen e ilustran las caracteristicas morfológicas claves. Se analizó un fragmento de 746 pb de la CO-I para la identificación de P. marginatus. Un árbol filogenético fue generado con las secuencias de ADN de todas las especies de cochinillas harinosas utilizadas en este estudio. El árbol incluyó 2 clados diferentes: uno que consiste en las muestras de P. marginatus y la otra que consiste en P. solenopsis. El árbol filogenético y las secuencias indicaron que P. marginatus recolectadas sobre papaya tiene un 99% similitud con las otras 3 accesiones que se encuentran a través de la búsqueda de BLAST. Esta información sobre la identificación de estas especies puede ayudar a fortalecer los programas de cuarentena para proteger la producción agroforestal y mantener el equilibrio ecológico en China.
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