In vitro compatibility of an acetogenin-based bioinsecticide with three species of entomopathogenic fungi
Keywords:
botanical insecticides, Annona mucosa, Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, Metarhizium anisopliaeAbstract
Despite the promising acute and chronic toxicity of commercial acetogenin-based bioinsecticide formulations reported for different arthropod pests and their recent registration, we are unaware of any published study that examines the compatibility of these botanical derivatives with entomopathogenic fungi, which are important natural and applied biological control agents. We investigated the compatibility of Annona mucosa Jacq. (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) ethanolic seed extract (ESAM), an effective bioinsecticide previously characterized by its high acetogenin content, with 3 entomopathogenic fungal species, Beauveria bassiana (ESALQ-PL63 isolate), Isaria fumosorosea (ESALQ-1296 isolate) and Metarhizium anisopliae (ESALQ-E9 isolate) at various concentrations in different in vitro assays. The effects of the botanical insecticide varied according to the fungal isolate exposed, the biological variable analyzed, and the concentration used. However, based on the compatibility index adopted, ESAM was classified as compatible with the above 3 fungal species, except at the highest concentration tested (8,000 mg L−1) for M. anisopliae, and it was therefore classified as moderately toxic in this case.
Apesar da promissora toxicidade (aguda e crônica) reportada sobre diferentes artrópodes-praga e do recente registro de formulações comerciais de bioinseticidas à base de acetogeninas, não é de nosso conhecimento qualquer estudo até então publicado que avaliasse a compatibilidade desses derivados botânicos com fungos entomopatogênicos, importantes agentes de controle biológico natural e aplicado. Assim, este estudo investigou a compatibilidade do extrato etanólico de sementes de Annona mucosa Jacq. (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) (ESAM), um eficaz bioinseticida previamente caracterizado pelo seu alto teor de acetogeninas, sobre três espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos: Beauveria bassiana (isolado ESALQ-PL63), Isaria fumosorosea (isolado ESALQ-1296) e Metarhizium anisopliae (isolado ESALQ-E9), em diferentes concentrações e ensaios in vitro. Os efeitos do inseticida botânico testado foram variáveis de acordo com o isolado fúngico exposto, a variável biológica analisada e a concentração utilizada. Porém, com base no índice de compatibilidade adotado, ESAM foi classificado como compatível com as três espécies de fungos, exceto com M. anisopliae na maior concentração testada (8.000 mg L−1), caso em que foi classificado como moderadamente tóxico.
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