[Supplementary Material] Induction of antimicrobial peptides in infected tissues of larval Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Keywords:
antimicrobial peptides, antibacterial peptides, bacteria, infection, budworm, hemocyte, fat body, gloverin-like, lebocin-like, heliomicin, virescin, heliocinAbstract
Effective biological control of destructive heliothine larvae via application of microbial entomopathogens or parasitoids is limited by a robust immune response against infection and parasitization. To better understand the immune response of budworms against microbial entomopathogens, several orthologs of antibacterial response proteins were identified and extracted from a tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), expressed sequence tag database for study of their upregulation by bacterial infection. Transcript sequences corresponding to precursors of 3 antimicrobial peptides from H. virescens hemolymph (virescein, heliomicin and heliocin) have been identified and their induction by bacterial elicitation analyzed. Further, a gloverin-like antibacterial and an H. virescens ortholog of the Lepidopteran hemocytespecific antibacterial Spod-X-Tox have been identified. Induction of these selected antibacterial protein transcripts by bacterial infection were quantitated using quantitative RT-PCR in hemocytes and fat bodies. Transcript levels of all were elevated by bacterial elicitation in both tissues as early as 3 hours post-treatment.
El control biológico eficaz de larvas destructivas de la subfamilia Heliothinae por medio de la aplicación de microbios entomopatógenos o parasitoides está limitada por una robusta respuesta inmune contra la infección y parasitismo. Para entender mejor la respuesta inmune del gusano bellotero contra microbios entomopatógenos, varios ortólogos de proteínas de respuesta antibacterianos fueron identificados y extraidos del gusano bellotero del tabaco, Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) que expresa secuencias etiquetadas de base de datos para el estudio de su regulación positiva por la infección bacteriana. Las secuencias de transcripción correspondientes a los precursores de 3 péptidos antimicrobianos de la hemolinfa, virescein, heliomicin y heliocin de H. virescens fueron identificados y su inducción por elicitación bacteriana fue analizada. Además, un antibacteriano parecido de gloverin y un ortólogo de H. virescens antibacteriano Spod-X-Tox específico de los hemocitos de lepidóptero fueron identificados. Se cuantificaron la inducción de estas transcripciones de proteínas antibacterianas seleccionadas por la infección bacteriana por medio de RT-PCR cuantitativa en los hemocitos y cuerpos grasos. Todos los niveles de transcripción fueron elevados por elicitación bacteriana en ambos tejidos tan rápido como 3 horas después del tratamiento.
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