Occurrence of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Parasitic Nematodes on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae Collected in Central Chiapas, México
Keywords:
Fall armyworm, natural enemies, mermithid nematodes, entomopathogenic microorganisms, cornAbstract
Fall armyworm larvae (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) were collected from whorl-stage corn, Zea mays (L.), between the V2 and V4 stages, in 22 localities of Central, Chiapas, México, called “La Frailesca” during late Jun 2009 to determine the occurrence of native entomopathogens and parasitic nematodes, and to determine the most parasitized instars. A total of 1,247 larvae were examined in search of native biological control agents. Overall total larval mortality was 16.36%. The percent larval mortality due to entomopathogens and parasitic nematodes was 12.99%. Hexamermis sp., probably albicans Siebold (Mermitha: Mermithidae) were isolated from 105 FAW larvae (8.42%) with highest incidence from the 4th, 5th, 6th and 3rd instars, respectively. A hyphomycete, Nomuraea rileyi Farlow (Samson), was recovered from 38 larvae (about 3.05% parasitism) with highest incidence in the 5th, 3rd, 4th, and 6th instars, respectively. Lowest percentage of FAW larval parasitism was caused by unidentified microsporidian or microsporidium (1.52%), infecting 19 larvae in the 6th, 5th and 3rd instars, respectively. First and 2nd instars did not show parasitism. This information is useful in designing future biological control programs.
Se recolectaron larvas de gusano cogollero (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) en maizales, Zea mays (L.) en etapa vegetativa de verticilio, entre las etapas V2 y V4, en 22 localidades de la región central de Chiapas, México, conocida como “La Frailesca” a finales de Junio de 2009, con la finalidad de determinar la presencia de entomopatógenos y nematodos parásitos, y para determinar los estadios larvarios más parasitados. Un total de 1247 gusanos cogolleros fueron examinados para agentes de control biológico nativos. La mortalidad total fue de 16.36%. El porciento de mortalidad larval debido a entomopatógenos y nematodos parásitos fue de 12.99%, nematodos mermítidos probablemente de la especie Hexamermis albicans Siebold fueron aislados de 105 larvas (8.42%) provenientes de los estadios del 3° al 6°. Entre tanto, un hongo Hyphomycete, Nomuraea rileyi Farlow (Samson), se recuperó de 38 FAW larvas entre los estadios del 3° al 6° causando alrededor de 3.05% de parasitismo. El porcentaje más bajo de parasitismo larvario fue causado por un microsporido no identificado infectando a 19 larvas entre los estadios 6°, 5° y 3° (1.52%). En este inventario, los nematodos mermítidos, N. rileyi y un microsporidio no identificado fueron los parásitos y patógenos más frecuentes. Las larvas de primer y segundo estadios no mostraron parasitismo. Esta información es útil para el diseño futuro de programas de control biológico.
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