Mitochondrial COI from Dysmicoccus brevipes (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Suggests Cryptic Lineage and Pinpoints the Source of the Introduction to China
Abstract
The pink pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a widespread plant-sucking insect of considerable concern because it transmits the pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus. The purpose of this study was to use molecular methods to clarify the relationship among pink pineapple mealybugs from China, Philippines, Thailand and Hawaii, in an effort to determine the geographic origin of the introduction to China. Pink pineapple mealybug samples were collected from 10 counties of 5 provinces in China, and samples from Hawaii were obtained. Parts of the mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidase I (COI) were sequenced for each sample, homologous DNA sequences of samples from the Philippines and Thailand were downloaded from GenBank. Three haplotypes were found in China, 1 from populations of mainland China, and 2 from Hainan island. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that most pink pineapple mealybugs on mainland China probably were closely related to populations in the Republic of the Philippines. However mealybugs from Wanning, Hainan, China, represented a different lineage that clearly diverged from other populations, and which may be of a cryptic lineage or species in the pink pineapple mealybug complex. The probable geographic origin of pink pineapple mealybugs in China is discussed.La cochinilla rosada de la piña, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), es un insecto chupador de plantas de amplia distribución que genera una considerable preocupación porque transmite el vírus de la marchitez de la piña. El propósito de este trabajo fué usar técnicas moleculares para estudiar la relación entre cochinillas rosadas de China, Filipinas, Tailandia y Hawaii, y asi determinar el origen geográfico de cochinillas introducidas a China. Se obtuvieron cochinillas de 10 condados de 5 provincias de China, y muestras de Hawaii. Partes de los genes mitocondriales de citocromo oxidasa I (COI) fueron secuenciados para cada muestra y sequencias homologas de Tailandia y Filipinas fueron obtenidas del GeneBank. Se encontraron tres haplotipos en China, uno de la parte continental de China, y dos de la isla de Hainan. Los análisis filogenéticos sugieren que la mayoría de las cochinillas rosadas de la piña en la parte continental de China se relacionaban estrechamente con la población de la República de las Filipinas. Sin embargo, las cochinillas de Wanning, en la Provincia de Hainan, China, representan un linaje diferente que claramente divergió de otras poblaciones, el cual puede ser um linaje o taxón críptica dentro del complejo de cochinillas rosadas de la piña. Se discute el posible origen geográfico de las cochinillas rosadas de piña en China.
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