Mortality Factors of the Avocado Lace Bug, Pseudacysta Perseae (Heteroptera: Tingidae), in Florida
Abstract
The avocado lace bug (ALB), Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Heteroptera:Tingidae), is a pest of avocado, Persea americana, in Florida, the Caribbean Basin, California and northern South America. Different biotic mortality factors, i.e., the egg parasitoids Erythmelus (Erythmelus) klopomor, a new species of Trichogrammatidae, and the predators, Chrysoperla rufilabris, Paracarniella cubana, Stethoconus vitripennis, and Tingidoletes praelonga, have been reported as natural enemies of P. perseae in Florida. We determined the effect of these biotic factors during 3 seasons, by exposing P. perseae cohorts to known biotic factors, and compared their survival to cohorts protected from these factors. The total percent mortality caused by biotic factors was 16 to 90% above the mortality caused by abiotic factors during 3 seasons.El chinche de encaje del aguacate, Pseudacysta perseae (Heidemann) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) es una plaga de aguacate, Persea americana, en Florida, en las islas del Caribe, California y en la parte norte de Suramerica. Varios factores bioticos de mortalidad, tales como los parasitoides de huevos, Erythmelus (Erythmelus) klopomor y una nueva especie de Trichogrammatidae y los depredadores Chrysoperla rufilabris, Paracarniella cubana, Stethoconus vitripennis, y Tingidoletes praelonga han sido reportados como factores de mortalidad de P. perseae en la Florida. Se determinó el efecto de los factores de mortalidad durante 3 estaciones al exponer grupos de individuos de P. perseae a estos y se comparó esta mortalidad con la causada cuando grupos de P. perseae no estaban expuestos a los enemigos naturales. El porcentaje de mortalidad causado por los factores bioticos tuvo un rango del 16 al 93% de mortalidad al compararlo con el efecto de los factores abióticos durante las tres estaciones.
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